The Effect of Refugia Crops on the Abundance of Insect Pests and Natural Enemies in Fruits Plantations
Abstract
Background: Refugia plants can provide SNAP (Shelter, Nectar, Alternative food, and Pollen) for insects. Commonly used refugia plants are marigolds (Tagetes erecta), zinnia (Zinnia elegans), and king's salad (Cosmos caudatus). Planting refugia plants is one way to manipulate the habitat of natural enemies so natural enemy populations increase, and pest populations can be controlled. Abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, pH, and rainfall affect insect populations. Methods: This research was conducted in March–May 2023. The refugia plants used were king's salad and zinnia flowers with a cropping pattern on the edges of the plots and an insect bank system. Sampling data was collected from both fields twice weekly using observation, sticky yellow traps, sweep nets, and light traps. Results: Insect pests and natural enemies from both fields were identified, namely four orders, 11 families, and 13 morphospecies, with 503 insects in the plantations with refugia and 434 without refugia. Conclusions: Species diversity values were 2.12 and 2.08 in plantations with and without refugia, indicating moderate diversity. The Bray-Curtis index for planting insect groups with and without refugia was 0.903, indicating the constituents' composition was the same. Based on the linear regression test results, the temperature and humidity factors affect insect pests' Abundance and natural enemies' Abundance.
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References
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Odum, E. P. (1993). Dasar-Dasar Ekologi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Prabhulinga, T. dan Kumar, A. D. N. T. (2019). Determining Relative Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Insect Pests. Experimental Techniques in Host-Plant Resistance, April, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2652-3_4
Pribadi, A., & Anggraeni, I. (2011). Pengaruh Temperatur dan Kelembaban Terhadap Tingkat Kerusakan Daun Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) oleh Arthrochista hilaralis. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 8(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2011.8.1.1-7
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Triplehorn, C., & Jhonson, N. (2005). Borror and Delongs’s Introduction to the Study of Insects : 7th edition. United States of America: Thomson Brooks.
Untung, K. (2019). Pengantar Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu (Edisi Kedua) (Ke-7). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Villani, F., Morini, D. C., Franco, M., dan Bueno, C. (2008). Evaluation of the possible role of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as mechanical vectors of nematodes and protists. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 51(5), 923–928. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132008000500008
Wardani, N. (2015). Perubahan Iklim Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Serangga Hama. Agroinovasi Spesifik Lokasi, 6(3), 1013–1030.
Wijayanto, M. A., Windriyanti, W., & Rahmadhini, N. (2022). Biodiversitas Arthropoda Permukaan dan Dalam Tanah Pada Kawasan Agroforestri di Kecamatan Wonosalam Jombang Jawa Timur. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 24(2), 1089–1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37159/jpa.v24i2.2118
Wood, T. E., Burke, J. M., &Rieseberg, L. H. (2005). Parallel genotypic adaptation: when evolution repeats itself. Genetica, 123(1–2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-003-2738-9
Zhang, L., Qin, Z., Liu, P., Yin, Y., Felton, G. W., & Shi, W. (2021). Influence of plant physical and anatomical characteristics on the ovipositional preference of Orius sauteri (hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Insects, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12040326
Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Mou, X., & Zhang, D. (2011). FSIM: A feature similarity index for image quality assessment. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 20(8), 2378–2386. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2011.2109730
Barantan (Balai Karantina Pertanian). (2015). Pedoman Mengoleksi, Preservasi serta Kurasi Serangga & Arthropoda Lain. Badan Karantina Pertanian. Kementerian Pertanian.
Bosco, J. M., Marie Elvira, A., & Georges, T. (2023). Analysis of Some Biodiversity of Citrus Pests and Selected Annual Crops of Meyomessala Locality South Region Cameroon. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 13(2), 385–391. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.13.02.2023.p13447
Habibi, I., & Fuadah, A. S. (2021). Pengaruh Tanaman Refugia Terhadap Populasi Musuh Alami Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata Lugens Stal.) Pada Budidaya Tanaman Padi (Oryza Sativa L.). G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan, 4(2), 319–325. https://doi.org/10.33379/gtech.v4i2.660
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis. In Pearson (7th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
Haneda, N. F., Kusmana, C., & Kusuma, F. D. (2013). Keanekaragaman Serangga di Ekosistem Mangrove. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 4(1), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.4.1.%25p
Huddin, W. M. N., Joko Santoso, S., & Triyono, K. (2021). Kajian Insektisida Nabati Terhadap Hama Kutu Putih (Pseudococcus citriculus) pada Tanaman Terong Ungu (Solanum melongena L.). Jurnal Inovasi Pertanian, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.33061/innofarm.v23i2.6266
Ifanalia, M., Harijani, W. S., & Windriyanti, W. (2021). Keberadaan Serangga Musuh Alami dan Penyerbuk pada Pertanaman Jeruk Pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) Manipulasi Habitat dengan Tanaman Refugia. Seminar Nasional Agroteknologi UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur, 68–73.
Irni, J., Anggraini, S., &Rendawa, S. (2021). Inventarisasi Serangga Malam (Nocturnal) Pada Lahan Konversi Teh Menjadi Kelapa Sawit. Agroprimatech, 5(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.34012/agroprimatech.v5i1.2084
Irvin, N. A., Pierce, C., & Hoddle, M. S. (2021). Evaluating the Potential of Flowering Plants for Enhancing Predatory Hoverflies (Syrphidae) for Biological Control of Diaphorina citri (Liviidae) in California. Biological Control, 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104574
Jaworski, T., & Hilszczański, J. (2013). The Effect of Temperature and Humidity Changes on Insects Development Their Impact on Forest Ecosystems in The Expected Climate Change. Forest Research Papers, 74(4), 345–355. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2013-0033
Jumar. (2000). Entomologi Pertanian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Krebs, C. (2008). Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
Kristiaga, Z. C. J., Sutoyo, & Agastya, I. M. I. (2020). Kelimpahan Serangga Musuh Alami dan Serangga Hama Pada Ekosistem Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum Annum L.) Pada Fase Vegetatif di Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan, 20(3), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v20i3.1715
Latumahina, F. S., Musyafa, Sumardi, & Putra, N. S. (2013). Keanekaragaman Semut dalam Kawasan Hutan Lindung Sirimau Kota Ambon. Jurnal Agroforestri, 8(4), 261–268.
Maesyaroh, S. S., Dewi, T. K., Tustiyani, I., & Mutakin, J. (2018). Keanekaragaman Serangga Pada Tanaman Jeruk Siam (Citrus nobilis L.). Jurnal Pertanian, 9(2), 115–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jp.v9i2.1487
Menendez, R. (2007). How Are Insects Responding to Global Warming. Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie, 2(150), 355–365.
Moghaddam, M. (2013). A Review of The Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae and Rhizoecidae) of Iran, with Descriptions of Four New Species and Three New Records For The Iranian Fauna. Zootaxa, 3632(1), 1–107. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3632.1.1
Musarofa, Windriyanti, W., & Rahmadhini, N. (2023). Ketertarikan Arthropoda Pada Blok Refugia (Cosmos Caudatus, Helianthus Annuus L., Zinnnia Acceraso) di Lahan Mangga Alpukat di Desa Oro – Oro Ombo Kulon, Rembang, Pasuruan. Jurnal Agrium, 20(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v20i1.10621
Netherer, S., & Schopf, A. (2010). Potential Effects of Climate Change On Insect Herbivores in European Forests-General Aspects and The Pine Processionary Moth as Specific Example. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(4), 831–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.034
Odum, E. P. (1993). Dasar-Dasar Ekologi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Prabhulinga, T. dan Kumar, A. D. N. T. (2019). Determining Relative Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Insect Pests. Experimental Techniques in Host-Plant Resistance, April, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2652-3_4
Pribadi, A., & Anggraeni, I. (2011). Pengaruh Temperatur dan Kelembaban Terhadap Tingkat Kerusakan Daun Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) oleh Arthrochista hilaralis. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 8(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2011.8.1.1-7
Purwanti, E. W., & Nizar, A. (2019). Pengaruh Berbagai Jarak antara Refugia dengan Pertanaman Kedelai (Glysine max L.) terhadap Struktur Komunitas dan Keanekaragaman Arthropoda Eny. Seminar Nasional Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Malang, Malang.
Putra, I. L. I., Setiawan, H., & Suprihatini, N. (2021). Keanekaragaman Jenis Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) di Sekitar Kampus 4 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta. Biospecies, 14(2), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.22437/biospecies.v14i2.12905
Rasib, K. Z., Nissa, S., & Jelani, S. (2021). Role of Abiotic Factors on Diversification and Adaptation of Insects in Selected Area of Lahore, Pakistan. Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology, 3(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.23880/aemb-16000110
Rayl, R. J., Shields, M. W., Tiwari, S., & Wratten, S. D. (2018). Conservation Biological Control of Insect Pests. In Sustainable Agriculture Review 28 (pp. 103–124). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90309-5_3
Sari, D. E., & Fitrianti, F. (2021). Perbandingan Jenis-Jenis Arthropoda Pada Lahan yang Diaplikasikan Pestisida Nabati dan Refugia. Bioma : Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 7(1), 68–75. https://doi.org/10.20956/bioma.v7i1.18203
Sidabukke, S., Barus, T. A., Utomo, B., Delvian, & Aulin, F. R. (2022). Similarity Analysis of Understorey Plant Species in Forest Areas. Journal of Sylva Indonesiana, 5(02), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.32734/jsi.v5i02.7375
Triplehorn, C., & Jhonson, N. (2005). Borror and Delongs’s Introduction to the Study of Insects : 7th edition. United States of America: Thomson Brooks.
Untung, K. (2019). Pengantar Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu (Edisi Kedua) (Ke-7). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Villani, F., Morini, D. C., Franco, M., dan Bueno, C. (2008). Evaluation of the possible role of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as mechanical vectors of nematodes and protists. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 51(5), 923–928. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132008000500008
Wardani, N. (2015). Perubahan Iklim Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Serangga Hama. Agroinovasi Spesifik Lokasi, 6(3), 1013–1030.
Wijayanto, M. A., Windriyanti, W., & Rahmadhini, N. (2022). Biodiversitas Arthropoda Permukaan dan Dalam Tanah Pada Kawasan Agroforestri di Kecamatan Wonosalam Jombang Jawa Timur. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 24(2), 1089–1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37159/jpa.v24i2.2118
Wood, T. E., Burke, J. M., &Rieseberg, L. H. (2005). Parallel genotypic adaptation: when evolution repeats itself. Genetica, 123(1–2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-003-2738-9
Zhang, L., Qin, Z., Liu, P., Yin, Y., Felton, G. W., & Shi, W. (2021). Influence of plant physical and anatomical characteristics on the ovipositional preference of Orius sauteri (hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Insects, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12040326
Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Mou, X., & Zhang, D. (2011). FSIM: A feature similarity index for image quality assessment. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 20(8), 2378–2386. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2011.2109730
Authors
Putri, V. M., Windriyanti , W., & Rahmadhini, N. (2025). The Effect of Refugia Crops on the Abundance of Insect Pests and Natural Enemies in Fruits Plantations. BIOEDUSCIENCE, 9(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.22236/jbes/12475
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