Exploring Seaweed Cultivation in the Marine Environment and Its Interaction with Microplastic
Abstract
Background: Seaweed cultivation in marine environments offers ecological and economic benefits, but the increasing presence of microplastics poses risks. This review explores cultivation techniques and the impact of microplastic pollution on seaweed growth, nutrient absorption, and health. Methods: Literature was sourced from Google Scholar and academic databases using keywords related to seaweed cultivation and microplastic pollution, focusing on peer-reviewed articles, books, and credible reports from the past decade. Studies were selected based on methodological rigor, relevance, and source credibility. The literature was synthesized to highlight key patterns, trends, and knowledge gaps on the impact of microplastic pollution on seaweed farming. Results: Seaweed aquaculture provides food, biofuel, pharmaceuticals, and environmental benefits, varying cultivation methods by species, environment, and product. Despite growing demand, microplastic pollution threatens seaweed farming and marine ecosystems. This study explores seaweed’s role in microplastic retention, its potential as a bioindicator, and its broader impact on marine health. Urgent action is needed to address plastic and microplastic emissions and mitigate long-term environmental and health risks. Conclusions: Seaweed aquaculture provides food, biofuel, and ecological benefits. However, microplastic pollution threatens its sustainability. Immediate action is required to address plastic pollution, as it poses long-term risks to marine ecosystems and human health. Governments are increasingly focusing on mitigation measures to address these pressing issues.
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References
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Echeverri, A. P. J., Ramirez, Z. A. P., Carmona, R. M., Castrillon, L., & Lopez, O. C. (2022). Present and Future of Seaweed Cultivation and Its Application in Columbia; J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 10: 2-7. doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020243
Farghali, M., Mohamed, A.M. I., Osman, I. A. & Rooney, W. D. (2022). Seaweed for Climate Mitigation, Waste Water Treatment, Bioenergy, Bioplastic, Biochar, Food, Pharmaceuticals, and Cosmetics. Environ Chem Lett. 21: 97–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01520-y
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Garcia-Poza, S, Leandro, A., Cotas, C., Cotas, J., Marques, C. J., Pereira, L. & Goncalves M. M. A. (2020). Cultivation Technologies and the Industry. The evolution road to seaweed aquaculture: Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 17(18): 2-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186528
Jaikumar. M., Dineshram, R., Imchen, T., Mandal, S., & Rangesh, K. (2022). Global Blue Economy. Seaweed Farming Potential in India; Routledge Taylor & Francis Group CRC Press: 450-466. https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781003184287-16.
Johnson, B., Abdul Nazar, A. K., Jayakumar, R., Tamilmani, G., Sakthivel, M., Rameshkumar, P., Anikuttan, K. K., & Sankar, M. (2020). Seaweed Farming and Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). ICAR – Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute: 84-87. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/id/eprint/15049
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Khan, N., Sudhakar, K., & Mamat, R. (2023). A Perspective of Genetic Engineering and Nono-technology Application. Heliyon. 9: 1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15168
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Li, Z., Fu, D., & Lü, S. (2023). Interaction between Macroalgae and Microplastics: Caulerpa lentillifera and Gracilaria tenuistipitata as Microplastic Bio-elimination Vectors. J. Ocean. Limnol. 41: 2249–2261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-023-2298-z
Marhawati, Rakib, M., Syan, A., & Ma'ruf, I. M. (2020). Analysis of the Feasibility of Seaweed Farming in Pankep District. Proceeding of The International Conference on Science and Advanced Technology (ICSAT). Pp 1486-1487. http://eprints.unm.ac.id/20285/1/18053-43869-1-SM.pdf
Malyarenko, O. S., Usoltseva, R. V., & Ermakova S. P. (2022). Laminariaceae: Its Use in Food and Health Implications. In Ambati Ranga Rao, A. R. & Ravishankar, G. A. (Eds.). Sustainable Global Resources of Seaweeds. Volume 2: 93-107.
Morais, T., Inacio, A., Coutinho, T., Ministro, M., Cotas, J., Pereira, L., & Bahcevandziev, K. (2020). Seaweed Potential in Animal Feed: A Review. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 8(8): 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080559
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OECD. (2021). Policies to Reduce Microplatic Pollution in Water. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/7ec7e5ef-en.
Onyena A. P, Aniche D. C, Ogbolu B. C, Rakib Md. R. J, Uddin J. & Walker T. R. (2022). Government Strategies for Mitigating Microplastic Pollution in Marine Environment: A Review. Microplastics, 1(1): 15-46. https://doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1010003
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Authors
Cham, M., & Yasman, Y. (2025). Exploring Seaweed Cultivation in the Marine Environment and Its Interaction with Microplastic. BIOEDUSCIENCE, 9(1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.22236/jbes/16042
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