Potential Trichoderma sp. from Peat Soil in Controlling Seed-Borne Pathogens and Growth Stimulator in Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Abstract
Background: Seed-borne pathogens threaten plants because they can survive in seed tissues for long periods. Efforts that can be made include treating the seeds before planting them in the field with biological agents, one of which is Trichoderma sp. It is often found in soil with high organic matter, namely peat soil. This research aims to determine the potential of Trichoderma sp. isolates. from peat soil on pathogen infection of soybean seeds and germination of soybean seeds. Method: This research used a factorial method. The first factor was sick and healthy seeds, and the second was Trichoderma sp. isolates, consisting of TP1 and TP2. The control treatment uses the active ingredient fungicide mancozeb 80%. Seed treatment was carried out by soaking the seeds in a suspension of Trichoderma sp. with a spore density of 106 for 24 hours. The seeds were then tested using the growing-on-test method in sterile soil. Results: Identifying pathogens in soybean seeds found two genera, Aspergillus sp., and Fusarium sp., in the immersion treatment on Trichoderma sp isolates. TP2 gave the best results, where the lowest infection power was 46.6% for healthy seeds and 73.3% for symptomatic seeds. In addition, treatment with isolates of Trichoderma sp. TP2 can increase the germination capacity of soybean seeds by 60.0%. However, seed treatment with Trichoderma sp. does not affect soybean plant height and root length growth. Conclusion: The two isolates of Trichoderma sp. from peat soil positively protect seeds against soybean seed pathogens, seed germination, and soybean growth.
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Wain-Tassi, A. L., dos Santos, J. F., de Cássia Panizzi, R., & Vieira, R. D. (2012). Seed-borne Pathogens and Electrical Conductivity of Soybean Seeds. Scientia Agricola, 69(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162012000100004
Zakiyah, H. A., Sulistyowati, L., & Cholil, A. (2019). Penagaru Aplikasi Fungisida Majemuk (ba: Benalaksil 8% dan Mankozeb 65%) Terhadap Keanekaragaman Jamur Endofit Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) dan Terhadap Jamur Fusarium Oxysporum In Vitro. Jurnal Hama Dan Penyakit Tanaman, 7(1), 23–27. http://jurnalhpt.ub.ac.id/index.php/jhpt/article/view/282%0Ahttp://jurnalhpt.ub.ac.id/index.php/jhpt/article/viewFile/282/301
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Data Produksi Padi, Jagung dan Kedelai tahun 2018. Berita Resmi Statistik.
Baihaqi, A., M. Nawawi, dan A.L. Abadi. (2013). Teknik Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L). J. Produksi Tanaman 1:30-39.
Barchia, M. F. (2006). Gambut: Agroekosistem dan Transformasi Karbon. Gadjah Mada University Press
Entesari, M., Sharifzadeh, F., Ahmadzadeh, M. & Farhangfar, M. (2013). Seed Biopriming With Trichoderma Species and Pseudomonas Fluorescens on Growth Parameter, Enzyme Activity and Nutritional Status of Soybean. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 4 (4): 610–619.
Fitria, E., Kesumawaty, E., Basyah, B., dan Asis. (2021). Peran Trichoderma harzianum sebagai Penghasil Zat Pengatur Tumbuh terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Varietas Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.). Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 49(1), 45–52.
Gusnawaty H.S, Taufik M., Triana L., dan Asniah. 2014. Karakteristik Morfologis Trichoderma spp. Indigenus Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Agroteknos 4(2): 88-94.
Haerani, N., & Nurdin, N. (2021). Uji Efektivitas Teknik Biopriming Dengan Cendawan Trichoderma Pada Perbaikan Viabilitas Benih Dan Produksi Mentimun. Jurnal Agrotan, 7(1), 42–54.
Hapsari, R. Y. H. (2022). Kesehatan Benih Kedelai Hasil Produksi Kelompok Tani di Wonogiri. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 17(5), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.17.5.203-209
Illahi A, K., Dedeh, K., Deliana, A.S., and Yummama, K. 2023. Seed Generation Test Of Local Rice Cultivars From West Sumatra. Sinta Journal (Science, Technology and Agriculture Journal), Vol. 4 No. 2 (193 – 198).
Jeon, C. S., Kim, G. H., Son, K. I., Hur, J. S., Jeon, K. S., Yoon, J. H., & Koh, Y. J. (2013). Root rot of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) caused by Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Plant Pathology Journal, 29(4), 440–445. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.NT.07.2013.0073
Kalay, A. M., Talahaturuson, A., dan Rumahlewang, W. 2018. Uji Antagonisme Trichoderma harzianum dan Azotobacter chroococcum Terhadap Rhyzoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii dan Fusarium oxysporum secara In-vitro. Agrologia, 7(2), 71–78.
Khan, R. (2021). Morphology of Aspergillus flavus. Scholarly Community Encyclopedia, June. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27050.54724
Lalitha, P., Srujana and K. Arunalakshmi. 2012. Effect of Trichoderma viride on Germination of Mustard and Survival of Mustard Seedlings. Int. J. Life Sci. Biotechnol. Pharma Res., 1(1).
Livia Trihanni Hasan, T. D. K. E. P. (2017). Bio-Priming Benih Kedelai (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill) untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Perkecambahan. Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 1(April), 62–67. https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v1i2.992
Makhlouf, J., Carvajal-Campos, A., Querin, A., Tadrist, S., Puel, O., Lorber, S., Oswald, I. P., Hamze, M., Bailly, J. D., & Bailly, S. (2019). Morphologic, molecular and Metabolic Characterization of Aspergillus Section Flavi in Spices Marketed in Lebanon. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41704-1
Musafa, M. K., Aini, L. Q., & Prasetya, B. (2015). Peran Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Bakteri Pseudomonas. Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 2(2), 191–197.
Oktaviawati, C. D., Sudirga, S. K., dan Hardini, J. 2022. Pemanfaatan Trichoderma spp. Sebagai Biokontrol Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.). Simbiosis, 10(2), 199.
Okoth, S. A., J. A. Otadoh dan J. O. Ochanda. 2011. Improved Seedling Emergence and Growth of Maize and Beans by Trichoderma Harziunum. Trop. Subtrop. Agroecosyst., 13: 65-71.
Page, S. E., Siegert, F., Rieley, J. O., Boehm, H. D. V., Jaya, A., & Limin, S. (2002). The amount of Carbon Released From Peat and Forest Fires in Indonesia During 1997. Nature, 420(6911), 61–65.
Rahayu, M. (2018). Patologi Dan Teknis Pengujian Kesehatan Benih Tanaman Aneka Kacang. Buletin Palawija, 14(2), 78. https://doi.org/10.21082/bulpa.v14n2.2016.p78-88
Ramesh, B. V, Hiremath, S. V, Naik, M. K., Amaresh, Y. S., Lokesh, B. K., & Vasudevan, S. N. (2013). Study of Seed Mycoflora of Soybean from North Eastern Karnataka. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci, 26(1), 58–62.
Risbianti, E. (2015). Isolasi Jamur Patogen Serangga dari Tanah Gambut dengan Pola Tanam Sawi-Jagung dan Sawi di Kalimantan Tengah serta Uji Virulensi Terhadap Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) di Laboratorium. Skrpsi. Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Malang.
Rysda, N. M. D. M. (2019). Uji Potensi Jamur Trichoderma sp. Sebagai Bioremidiator Fungisida Berbahan Aktif Mankozeb Secara In Vitro. Skripsi. Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
Rozen, N., Chairani, D., Budidaya, J., Fakultas, P., & Unand, P. (2011). Pematahan Dormansi Benih Aren (Arenga Pinnata) Dengan Pelumuran Kulit Benih pada Suspensi Trichoderma (Seed dormancy breaking palm (Arenga pinnata) Coating Leather with Seed in Suspension Trichoderma). 4(3), 162–168.
Sasli, I. 2011. Karakterisasi Gambut dengan Berbagai Bahan Amelioran dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Guna Mendukung Produktivitas Lahan Gambut. Jurnal agrovigor, 4(1): 42-50.
Syahputra, M. H., Anhar, A., dan Irdawati, I. 2017. Isolaso Trichoderma spp. dari Beberapa Rizosfer Tanaman Padi Asal Solok. Berkala Ilmiah Bidang Biologi, 1(2), 2534–8371.
Tancic, S., Skrobonja, J., Lalosevic, M., Jevtic, R., dan Vidic, M. 2013. Impact of Trichoderma spp. on Soybean Seed Germination and Potential Antagonistic Effect on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Pesticidi i Fitomedicina, 28(3), 181–185.
Tanzil, A. I., & Purnomo, H. (2021). Potensi Fungisida Perlakuan Benih terhadap Perenosclerospora sp. penyebab Penyakit Bulai Jagung. Agriprima : Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 5(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v5i1.401
Wain-Tassi, A. L., dos Santos, J. F., de Cássia Panizzi, R., & Vieira, R. D. (2012). Seed-borne Pathogens and Electrical Conductivity of Soybean Seeds. Scientia Agricola, 69(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162012000100004
Zakiyah, H. A., Sulistyowati, L., & Cholil, A. (2019). Penagaru Aplikasi Fungisida Majemuk (ba: Benalaksil 8% dan Mankozeb 65%) Terhadap Keanekaragaman Jamur Endofit Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) dan Terhadap Jamur Fusarium Oxysporum In Vitro. Jurnal Hama Dan Penyakit Tanaman, 7(1), 23–27. http://jurnalhpt.ub.ac.id/index.php/jhpt/article/view/282%0Ahttp://jurnalhpt.ub.ac.id/index.php/jhpt/article/viewFile/282/301
Authors
Diasi, A. R., Purnawati, A., & Wiyatiningsih, S. (2024). Potential Trichoderma sp. from Peat Soil in Controlling Seed-Borne Pathogens and Growth Stimulator in Soybean (Glycine max L.). BIOEDUSCIENCE, 8(3), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.22236/jbes/14563
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