The Concentration of Heavy Metals Cd, Hg, Pb in Processed Food Products Based Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) from Ciliwung River Jakarta Region
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Submitted
2 March 2022
Published
30 April 2022
Keywords:
-
Ciliwung River plecos, Fish flour, Heavy metal, Shredded fish, Shumai Abon, Ikan Sapu-sapu, Sungai Ciliwung, Logam berat, Siomai, Tepung ikan
Abstract
Backgrounds: Heavy metal that pollutes the river area affects living organisms which reside in it. Contamination of heavy metal in Ciliwung River leads to the presence of heavy metal elements (Cd, Hg, and Pb) inside the body of the plecos (Pterygoplichtys Pardalis) which inhabits that area. Hence, the utilization of plecos flesh and bones as a raw material in processed food products (e.g. shredded fish, shumai, and fish flour) might be harmful for human. Accumulated load of heavy metal in human's body would likely trigger health problems. Insufficient data on heavy metal concentration in Ciliwung River plecos-based food products underlies this research, with the aim to calculate the concentration of heavy metal Cd, Hg, and Pb on the previously mentioned plecos-based shredded fish, shumai, and flour. Methods: Heavy metal Cd, Hg, and Pb concentration analysis using X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF) methods conducted on PAIR Batan. Results: Value of Cd on shredded fish <0.5 mg/kg, shumai 0,7 mg/kg, head+tailbone and body skeleton flour <0.3 mg/kg. Value of Hg on shredded fish and shumai <0.7 mg/kg, head+tailbone flour 0.3 mg/kg, body skeleton flour 0.4 mg/kg. Value of Pb on shredded fish 1.3 mg/kg, shumai 0.8 mg/kg, head+tailbone flour 2.3 mg/kg, body skeleton flour 1.6 mg/kg. Conclusions: Heavy metal concentration on Ciliwung River plecos-based processed food products (shredded fish, shumai, and flour) has exceed maximum limit of Cd, Hg, and Pb determined by SNI, BPOM, and FAO.
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References
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Aksari, Y. D., Perwitasari, D., & Butet, N. A. 2015. Kandungan logam berat (Cd , Hg , dan Pb) pada ikan sapu-sapu, Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) di Sungai Ciliwung. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 15(3): 257–266.
Alfisyahrin, N F. 2013. Distribusi logam berat timbal (Pb) dalam daging ikan sapu-Sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) di Sungai Ciliwung. Skripsi tidak diterbitkan. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Alyani, D. F., Hidayah, N., Wahyuningsih, V., & Choirunnisa, Z. A. 2017. Kandungan kadar logam berat kadmium (Cd) dalam kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dari Pantai Bangkalan dan upaya penurunannya. Sains & Matematika. 6(1): 8-12
Anwar, C., Irhami, & Kemalawaty, M. 2018. Pengaruh jenis ikan dan metode pemasakan terhadap mutu abon ikan. Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. 7(2): 138–147.
Arantes, F. P., Savassi, L. A., Santos, H. B., Gomes, M. V. T., & Bazzoli, N. 2016. Bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium, zinc, chromium, and lead in muscle, liver, and spleen tissues of a large commercially valuable cat fish species from Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciíªncias. 88(1): 137–147.
Authman, M. M. N., Zaki, M. S., Khallaf, E. A., & Abbas, H. H. 2015. Use of fish as bio-indicator of the effects of heavy metals pollution. J. of Aquaculture Research & Development. 6(4): 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000328
Bechtel, P. J., Bland, J. M., Watson, M. A., Lea, J. M., & Bett, K. L. (2019). Properties of bone from catfish heads and frames. Food Science & Nutrition. 7: 1396–1405. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Ffsn3.974
Bishak, Y. K., Payahoo, L., Osatdrahimi, A., & Nourazarian, A. (2015). Mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenicity in the gastrointestinal tract. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 16(1): 9–21. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.1.9
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2009. SNI 7387:2009 Batas maksimum cemaran logam berat dalam pangan. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional
Budiman, B. T. P., Dhahiyat, Y., & Hamdani, H. 2012. Bioakumulasi logam berat Pb (Timbal) dan Cd Kadmium) pada daging ikan yang tertangkap di Sungai Citarum Hulu. Jurnal Perikanan Dan Kelautan. 3(4): 261–270.
Cahyani, N., Batu D. T. F. L. & Sulistiono. 2016. Kandungan logam berat Pb, Hg, Cd, dan Cu pada daging ikan rejung (Sillago sihama) di estuari Sungai Donan, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan. 19(3): 267–276.
Chunhabundit, R. 2016. Cadmium exposure and potential health risk from foods in contaminated area, Thailand. Toxicological Research (Official Journal of Korean Society of Toxicology). 32(1): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.5487%2FTR.2016.32.1.065
Christopher, E. A., Vincent, O., Grace, I., Rebecca, E., Joseph, E., 2009. Distribution of heavy metals in bones, gills, livers and muscles of (tilapia) Oreochromis niloticus from Henshaw Town Beach market in Calabar Nigeria. Pakistan J. of Nutrition. 8(8): 1209-1211
Dwiloka, B., & Atmomarsono, U. 2012. Kandungan loga berat pada daging dada dan paha ayam broiler yang dipelihara dengan sistem kandang panggung setelah direbus dan dikukus. Makalah disajikan pada Simposium dan Pameran Teknologi Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi. Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional: 235-242
Elfidasari D, Ismi L.N., & Sugoro I. 2020. Heavy metals concentration in water, sediment, and Pterygoplychthys pardalis in the Ciliwung River, Indonesia. AACL-BIOFLUX 13(3):1764-1778
Elfidasari, D., Ismi, L. N., Shabira, A. P., & Sugoro, I. 2018. The correlation between heavy metal and nutrient content in Plecostomus (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) from Ciliwung River in Jakarta. Biosaintifika. 10(3): 597–604.
Elfidasari, D., Shabira, A. P., Sugoro, I., & Ismi, L. N. 2019. The nutrient content of Plecostomus (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) flesh from Ciliwung River Jakarta, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience. 11(1): 30–34.
Eslami, S., Moghaddam, A. H., & Jafari, N. 2011. Trace element level in different tissues of Rutilus frisii kutum collected from Tajan River , Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res. 143: 965–973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8885-9
FAO. 2003. Fisheries and aquaculture topics. Quality and Safety of fish and fish products. Topical fact Sheets. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture department.
Faroon, O., Ashizawa, A., Wright, S., Tucker, P., Jenkins, K., Ingerman, L., & Rudisill, C. 2012. Toxicological profile of cadmium. Atlanta: U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
Forstner, U, & Wittmann, G. T. W. 1983. Toxic metal. In: Fortsner U, Wittmann GTW (editor). Metal Pollution in Aquatic Environment. Springer Verlag. Jerman.
Ginting, R. M. 2009. Pemanfaatan limbah (oil sludge) sebagai bahan utama dalam pembuatan bata konstruksi paving block. Tesis tidak diterbitkan. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Hadiaty, R.K. 2011. Diversitas dan hilangnya jenis-Jenis ikan di Sungai Ciliwung dan Sungai Cisadane. Berita Biologi. 10(46): 491-504.
Hananingtyas, I. 2017. Studi pencemaran kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) dan kadmium (Cd) pada ikan tongkol (Euthynnus sp.) di Pantai Utara Jawa. BIOTROPIC The Journal of Tropical Biology. 1(2): 41–50.
Hezbullah, M., Sultana, S., Chakraborty, S. R., & Patwary, M. I. (2016). Heavy metal contamination of food in a developing country like Bangladesh"¯: An emerging threat to food safety. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences. 8(1): 1–5.
Ismi, L. N., Elfidasari, D., Puspitasari, R. L., & Sugoro, I. 2019. Kandungan 10 jenis logam berat pada daging ikan sapu-Sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) asal Sungai Ciliwung wilayah Jakarta. Jurnal Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Sains Dan Teknologi. 5(2): 56–59.
Iyanda, T. L. & Adekunle, I. 2012. Assessment of heavy metals and their estimated daily intakes from two commonly consumed foods (Kulikuli and Robo) kound in Nigeria. African Journal Of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. 12(3): 6156–6169. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.51.10250
Lase J.A., Tafsin M., & Ginting N. 2014. Pengaruh cara pengolahan tepung ikan dari limbah industri pengolahan ikan nila terhadap energi metabolisme dan retensi nitrogen pada ayam. Jurnal Peternakan Integratif. 2(3): 285-300.
Jonge, M. De, Teuchies, J., Meire, P., Blust, R., & Bervoets, L. 2012. The impact of increased oxygen conditions on metal- contaminated sediments part I"¯: Effects on redox status , sediment geochemistry and metal bioavailability. Water Research. 46(7): 2205–2214. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004313541200084X
Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup. 2010. Indeks kualitas lingkungan hidup 2009. Jakarta (ID): Asisten Deputi Urusan Data dan Informasi Lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup.
Kimáková, T., Kuzmová, L., Nevolná, Z., & Bencko, V. 2018. Fish and fish products as risk factors of mercurexposure. Annuals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 25(3): 488–493. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/84934
Lu FC. 2006. Toksikologi Dasar: Asas, Organ Sasaran, dan Penilaian Resiko. Edisi ke dua. Terjemahan dari: Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs, and Risk Assesment oleh Edi Nugroho (penerjemah). UI Press. Jakarta.
Manggara, A. B., & Shofi, M. 2018. Analisis kandungan mineral daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) menggunakan spektrometer XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence). Akta Kimindo. 3(1):104-111
Mayholida, S., Dewianti, Z. P., & Sylvia, D. 2020. Analisis kandungan timbal dan kadmium pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis L) di perairan Kabupaten Tangerang menggunakan metode spektrofotometri serapan atom. Jurnal Farmagazine. VII(2): 1-6
Mcelroy, J. A., & Hunter, M. I. 2019. Cadmium: a new risk factor for endometrial cancer? Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. 19(5): 355–358.
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Authors
Elfidasari, D., Haninah, H., Putri, H. D., & Sugoro, I. (2022). The Concentration of Heavy Metals Cd, Hg, Pb in Processed Food Products Based Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) from Ciliwung River Jakarta Region. BIOEDUSCIENCE, 6(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.22236/j.bes/618708
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