The Effect of Using Natural Growth Regulators on the Seed Germination of Katokkon Pepper
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Submitted
13 November 2021
Published
30 April 2022
Keywords:
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Coconut water, Katokkon pepper, Natural growth regulators, Shallot extract Air kelapa, Cabai katokkon, Ekstrak bawang merah, Zat pengatur tumbuh
Abstract
Background: Katokkon is a local red pepper that is widely cultivated in the North Toraja Regency and several surrounding areas within the scope of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This pepper has a spicy taste and a unique fruit shape like paprika in small size and is rich in nutrients such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and capsaicin so that it benefits human health and serves as one of the commodities that improve the people's economy. Katokkon pepper is adapted to grow well in upland areas so that cultivation outside this habitat requires certain efforts to be optimal. Seed germination is an important step in plant cultivation. Coconut water and shallots extract were commonly used as sources of growth regulators substances to stimulate seed germination. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of natural growth regulators substances on the Katokkon pepper seed germination. Methods: This study was conducted by a factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The Katokkon pepper seeds were soaked in the 25%, 50%, and 75% of coconut water and shallots solution for 24 hours. Results: The treatment of coconut water with a concentration of 75% (ZAK3) has a significant effect on the percentage and speed of seed germination of Katokkon pepper. Conclusions: The greater concentration of natural growth regulators used, the greater the percentage of seed germination obtained. However, the effect of coconut water treatment on seed germination of Katokkon pepper was more significant than the shallots extract.
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References
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Nugroho, L. H., & Sumardi, I. (2015). Buku ajar struktur perkembangan dan fungsi tumbuhan. Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Ogunyale, O. G., Fawibe, O. O., Ajiboye, A. A., & Agboola, D. A. (2014). A Review of Plant Growth Substances: Their Forms, Structures, Synthesis and Functions. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, V(4), 152–168. Retrieved December 16th, 2021 from https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/279098-a-review-of-plant-growth-substances-thei-36f4403a.pdf
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Prianti, A. L., Yusna, A., Hariati, E., & Harahap, F. (2017). Pengaruh Fitohormon Alami Terhadap Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPA III, 318–323.
Sumantra, I. K., & Widnyana, I. K. (2011). Effectiveness of Aloe Vera Gel and Coconut Water As a Bioregulator on Seed Germination of Dendrobium Orchid. Agrimeta, I(1), 1–9.
Tammu, R., Nuringtyas, T., & Daryono, B. (2021). Colchicine effects on the ploidy level and morphological characters of Katokkon pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) from North Toraja, Indonesia. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, XIX(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00131-4
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Un, V., Farida, S., Tito, S.I., (2018). The Influence of The Several Types Plant Growth Regulator on Germination Sandalwood Seeds (Santalum album Linn.). The Indonesian Green Technology Journal, 7 (1). doi: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.igtj.2018.007. 01.05.
Utami, E. S. W., & Hariyanto, S. (2016). The Effect of Organic Nutrient and Growth Regulators on Seed Germination, Embryo and Shoots Development of Dendrobium antennatum Lindl. Orchid by In Vitro. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, VIII(2), 165. doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i2.5165
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Zuhro, F., Hasanah, H. U., & Sukadi. (2017). Application of Young Coconut Water and "Kascing” Fertilizer to Red Palm (Cyrtostachys lakka Becc.) Seed Germination. Jurnal ILMU DASAR, XVIII(1), 17–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jid.v18i1.2115
Bosland, P. W., & Vovata, E. J. (2012). Peppers: vegetables and spices Capsicums (2nd ed.). CAB International.
Center for Plant Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing. (2014). Official News of Local Variety Registration (055/BR/PVL/02/2014). Secretary General of the Ministry of Agriculture. http://pvtpp.setjen.pertanian.go.id/berita-resmi/pendaftaran-varietas-lokal/padi-nama-varietas-katokkon/
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2019). Indonesia Economic Report 2019 [Laporan Perekonomian Indonesia 2019]. In Laporan Perekonomian Indonesia 2019 (Vol. 04, Issue 01). Central Bureau of Statistics, Republic of Indonesia.
Chuwang, P. Z., Idowu, G. A., & Oku, E. (2019). Influence of Seed Priming Agents on the Germination and Field Performance of Pepper (Capsicum spp ) in Guinea Savanah Region of Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Research, VIII(7), 247–250. doi: https://doi.org/10.21275/27061902
Darojat, M. (2014). The Effect of Concentration and Soaking Time Extract Shallot (Allium cepa L.) to Viability Of Cocoa Seedling (Theobroma cacao L.) [Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.]. http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/id/eprint/437
Djawa, B. N., Arpiwi, N. L., & Sudirga, S. K. (2020). The Influence Of Red Shallot Extract (Allium cepa L.), Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera L.) Towards Growth Of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.). Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences, VII(1), 65–72. doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2020.v07.i01.p09
Ernawati, Rahardjo, P., & Suroso, B. (2017). Response of seed red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) expired on the long soaking of coconut water against viability, vigor and seedling growth. Agritrop, 15(1). doi: 10.32528/agr.v15i1.794
Hedty, Mukarlina, & Turnip, M. (2014). Pemberian H2SO4 dan Air Kelapa pada Uji Viabilitas Biji Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabika L.). Jurnal Protobiont, III(1), 7–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.26418/protobiont.v3i1.4537
Irwanto, I., Noor, R. B., & Rofik, A. (2019). Effect of Coconut Water Immersion And Rootone F On Growth Plant Cuttings Nilam (Pogstemon cablin Benth). Agrifarm: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, VIII(2), 67–72. doi: https://doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v8i2.795
Khan, F. A., Mahmood, T., Ali, M., Saeed, A., & Maalik, A. (2014). Pharmacological importance of an ethnobotanical plant: Capsicum annuum L. Natural Product Research, XXVIII(16), 1267–1274. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.895723
Kristina, N., & Syahid, S. (2012). The Effect of Coconut Wateron In Vitro Shoots Multiplication, Rhyzome Yield, and Xanthorrhizol Content of Java Turmeric in the Field. Jurnal Littri, XVIII(3), 125–134. doi: https://doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.125-134
Kurniati, F., Sudartini, T., & Hidayat, D. (2017). Aplication of various natural PGRs to increase the growth of candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) cv Sunan seedling. Jurnal Agro, IV(1), 40–49. doi: https://doi.org/10.15575/1307
Lestari, I., Karno, & Sutarno. (2020). Uji viabilitas dan pertumbuhan benih kedelai (Glycine max) dengan perlakuan invigorasi menggunakan ekstrak bawang merah. J. Agro Complex, IV(October), 116–124. doi: 10.14710/joac.4.2.116-124 http://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/joac
Lindung. (2014). Teknologi Aplikasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh. http://www.bppjambi.info/?v=news&id=603
Manurung, G. C. T., Hasanah, Y., Hanum, C., & Mawarni, L. (2020). The role of bamboo shoot and shallot extracts combination as natural plant growth regulator on the growth of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis.) in Medan. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, CDLIV(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/454/1/012169
Ministry of Agriculture (2019). The strategic plan of the ministry of Agriculture for 2020 -2024. Retrieved December 16th, 2021 from https://ppid.pertanian.go.id.
Mythili, J. B., Rajeev, P. R., Vinay, G., & Nayeem, A. (2017). Synergistic effect of silver nitrate and coconut water on shoot differentiation and plant regeneration from cultured cotyledons of Capsicum annuum L. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, LV(3), 184–190.
North Toraja Department of Agriculture. (2018). Strategic Plan (Revised 2018) North Toraja Regency Agriculture Office 2016 - 2021 [Rencana Strategis (Revisi 2018) Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Toraja Utara Tahun 2016 - 2021]. North Toraja Regency Government.
North Toraja Department of Agriculture. (2019). Changes in the Determination of Main Performance Indicators for the Department of Agriculture in Year of 2018 - 2021.
Nugroho, L. H., & Sumardi, I. (2015). Buku ajar struktur perkembangan dan fungsi tumbuhan. Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Ogunyale, O. G., Fawibe, O. O., Ajiboye, A. A., & Agboola, D. A. (2014). A Review of Plant Growth Substances: Their Forms, Structures, Synthesis and Functions. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, V(4), 152–168. Retrieved December 16th, 2021 from https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/279098-a-review-of-plant-growth-substances-thei-36f4403a.pdf
Prades, A., Dornier, M., Diop, N., & Pain, J. P. (2012). Coconut water uses, composition and properties: A review. Fruits, LXVII(2), 87–107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2012002
Prianti, A. L., Yusna, A., Hariati, E., & Harahap, F. (2017). Pengaruh Fitohormon Alami Terhadap Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPA III, 318–323.
Sumantra, I. K., & Widnyana, I. K. (2011). Effectiveness of Aloe Vera Gel and Coconut Water As a Bioregulator on Seed Germination of Dendrobium Orchid. Agrimeta, I(1), 1–9.
Tammu, R., Nuringtyas, T., & Daryono, B. (2021). Colchicine effects on the ploidy level and morphological characters of Katokkon pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) from North Toraja, Indonesia. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, XIX(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00131-4
Trisnaningsih, U., & Wahyuni, S. (2020). The Effect of Coconut Water and Planting Media to the Growth of Christmas Palm (Veitchia merilli). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, CDXXIX(Icasseth 2019), 79–82. doi: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200402.018
Un, V., Farida, S., Tito, S.I., (2018). The Influence of The Several Types Plant Growth Regulator on Germination Sandalwood Seeds (Santalum album Linn.). The Indonesian Green Technology Journal, 7 (1). doi: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.igtj.2018.007. 01.05.
Utami, E. S. W., & Hariyanto, S. (2016). The Effect of Organic Nutrient and Growth Regulators on Seed Germination, Embryo and Shoots Development of Dendrobium antennatum Lindl. Orchid by In Vitro. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, VIII(2), 165. doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i2.5165
Yunindanova, M. B., Budiastuti, M. S., & Purnomo, D. (2018). The analysis of endogenous auxin of shallot and its effect on the germination and the growth of organically cultivated melon (Cucumis melo). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, CCXV(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/215/1/012018
Zuhro, F., Hasanah, H. U., & Sukadi. (2017). Application of Young Coconut Water and "Kascing” Fertilizer to Red Palm (Cyrtostachys lakka Becc.) Seed Germination. Jurnal ILMU DASAR, XVIII(1), 17–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jid.v18i1.2115
Authors
Tammu, R. M., & Bermuli, J. E. (2022). The Effect of Using Natural Growth Regulators on the Seed Germination of Katokkon Pepper. BIOEDUSCIENCE, 6(1), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.22236/j.bes/617853
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