Effect of Exposure to E-Cigarette Smoke on Lung Histology of Balb/c Male Mice (Mus musculus L.)
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Submitted
24 July 2020
24 July 2020
Published
31 December 2020
31 December 2020
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Abstract
Background: Electric cigarette is a type of cigarette that change the liquid containing nicotine and other ingredients in the form of steam. This research aimed to identify the effect of exposure to e-cigarette smoke towards the thickness of bronchioles mucosa and the alveolar septa on male Balb'C mice (M. musculus). Methods: This research was an experimental design used 24 male divided into four groups, i.e., control dan three treatment groups. Treatment groups were given different volume of e-cigarettes liquid, i.e., 1 ml; 2 ml; and 4 ml. The exposure of e-cigarette was done in 4 weeks, respectively. Results: Electric cigarette exposure with different fluid volumes leads to an increase in the bronchioles mucosa's thickness and the alveoli septa. Increasing the volume of fluid used results in an increase in bronchioles mucosal thickness, but decreases the alveoli septa's thickness, resulting in destruction and dilatation of the alveoli. Conclusion: Exposure to e-cigarette smoke with a liquid volume of 1 ml affects the increase in the average thickness of the bronchial mucosa and alveoli septa. An increase in the average thickness of the bronchioles mucosa occurs along with increased fluid volume in exposure to e-cigarette smoke.
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References
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Shu, J., Li, D., Ouyang, H., Huang, J., Long, Z., Liang, Z., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Zheng, Q., Kuang, M., Tang, H., Wang, J., & Lu, W. (2017). Comparison and Evaluation of Two Different Methods to Establish the Cigarette Smoke Exposure Mouse Model of COPD. Scientific Reports., 7(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-017-15685-Y
Steel, R., & Torie, J. (1993). Principles And Procedures Of Statistics (Biometric Approach). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Stevani, H. (2016). Pharmaceutical Print Material Module: Pharmacology Practicum. http://bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id/Pusdiksdmk/Wp-Content/Uploads/2017/08/Praktikum-Farmakologi-Komprehensive.Pdf
Stratton, K., Kwan, L., & Eaton, D. (2018). Public Health Consequences of E -Cigarettes. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24952
Suntoro, H. (1983). Methods of Staining, Histology and Histochemistry. Bhratara Karya Aksara.
Suryadinata, R. (2018). Effect of Free Radicals on The Inflammatory Process in Chronic Obstructive. Pulmonary Disease (Ppok). Amerta Nutr, 317–324. https://doi.org/10.20473/Amnt.V2.I4.2018.317-324
Tyner, J., Kim, E., Ide, K., Pelletier, M., Roswit, W., Morton, J., & Battaile, J. (2006). Blocking Airway Mucous Cell Metaplasia by Inhibiting EGFR Antiapoptosis and IL-13 Transdifferentiation Signals. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 116(2), 309–321. https://doi.org//10.1172/JCI25167
Wawryk-Gawda, E., Wrzos, P., & Zarobkiewicz, M. (2020). Lung Histomorphological Alterations In Rats Exposed To Cigarette Smoke And Electronic Cigarette Vapor. Experimental And Therapeutic Medicine., 19, 2826–2832. https://doi.org/10.3892/Etm.2020.8530
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Casebolt, R., Cook, S., Islas, A., Brown, A., Castle, K., & Dutcher, D. (2019). Carbon Monoxide Concentration in Mainstream E-cigarette Emissions Measured with Diode Laser Spectroscopy. Tobacco Contro, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055078.
Dasgupta, C., Xiao, D., Xu, Z., Yang, S., & Zhang, L. (2012). Developmental nicotine exposure results in programming of alveolar simplification and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in adult male rats. Reprod Toxycol., 34(3), 370–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.05.100
El Golli, N., Jrad-Lamine, A., Neffati, H., Rahali, D., Dallagi, Y., Dkhili, H., Ba, N., El May, M., & El Fazaa, S. (2016). Impact of E-cigarette refill Liquid with or without nicotine on Liver Function in Adult Rats. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 26(6), 419–426. https://doi.org/10.3109/15376516.2016.1160963
Garcia-Arcos, I., Geraghty, P., BaumLin, N., Campos, M., Dabo, A., Jundi, B., Cummins, N., Eden, E., Grosche, A., Salathe, M., & Foronjy, R. (2016). Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner. Thorax, 71(12), 1119–11299. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-20803
Hansel, T. T., & Barnes, P. J. (2004). An Atlas of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Parthenon Publishing Group.
Kasahara, Y., Tuder, R., Cool, C., Lynch, D., Flores, S., & Voelkel, N. (2001). Endothelial Cell Death and Decreased Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Emphysema. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine., 163(31), 737–744. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.2002117
Kuschner, Ware, G., Reddy, S., Mehrotra, N., & Paintal, H. (2011). Electronic Cigarettes and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Two Emerging Health Care Challenges for the Primary Care Provider. International Journal of General Medicine, 4, 115–120. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S16908.
Lerner, C., Sundar, I., Yao, H., Gerloff, J., Ossip, D., Mcintosh, S., Robinson, R., & Rahman, I. (2015). Vapors Produced by Electronic Cigarettes and E-Juices with Flavorings Induce Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, And Inflammatory Response in Lung Epithelial Cells and in Mouse Lung. Plos One., 10(2), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.137/Journal.Pone.0116732.
Lu, Q., Gottlieb, E., & Rounds, S. (2018). Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Pulmonary Endothelial Cells. American Journal Of Physiology., 314(5), 743–756. https://doi.org/10.1152/Ajplung.00373.2017
Lu, Q., Sakhatskyy, P., Grinnell, K., Ortiz, J., Wang, Y., Sanchez-Esteban, J., Harrington, E., & Rounds, S. (2011). Cigarette Smoke causes Lung Vascular Barrier Dysfunction Via Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inhibition of Rhoa and Focal Adhesion Kinase. American Journal Of Physiology - Lung Cellular And Molecular Physiology., 301(6). https://doi.org/10.1152/Ajplung.00178.2011
Lulan, M. (2018). The Difference in Exposure Time to E-Cigarette Smoke Affects the Histopathological Picture of the Lungs of Mice (Mus Musculus). University Of Nusa Cendana.
Macnee, W., & Rahman, I. (2001). Is Oxidative Stress Central to The Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Trends in Molecular Medicine, 7(2), 55–62.
Meo, S., & Al Asiri, S. (2014). Effects of Electronic Cigarette Smoking on Human Health. European Review For Medical And Pharmacological Sciences, 18(21), 3315–3319.
Mescher, A. (2016). Junqueras's Basic Histology Text and Atlas (14th ed.). Mc Graw-Hill Companies.
Nugroho, R. (2018). Knowing Mice as Laboratory Animals. Mulawarman University Press Samarinda.
Reinikovaite, V., Rodriguez, I., Karoor, V., Rau, A., Trinh, B., Frederic, W., & Taraseviciene-Stewart, L. (2018). The Effects Of Electronic Cigarette Vapor On The Lung: Direct Comparison To Tobacco Smoke. European Respiratory Journal, 51(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01661-2017
Santus, P., Corsico, A., Solidoro, P., Braido, F., Di Marco, F., & Scichilone, N. (2014). Oxidative Stress and Respiratory System: Pharmacological and Clinical Reappraisal of N-Acetylcysteine. COPD: Journal Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 11(6), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.3109/15412555.2014.898040
Sartika, N., Winaya, I., Adi, A., & Putra, I. (2018). Changes in Lung Histopathology of Male Mice After Exposure to E-Cigarette Smoke. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 7(4), 402–412. https://doi.org/10.19087/Imv.2018.7.4.402
Shu, J., Li, D., Ouyang, H., Huang, J., Long, Z., Liang, Z., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Zheng, Q., Kuang, M., Tang, H., Wang, J., & Lu, W. (2017). Comparison and Evaluation of Two Different Methods to Establish the Cigarette Smoke Exposure Mouse Model of COPD. Scientific Reports., 7(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-017-15685-Y
Steel, R., & Torie, J. (1993). Principles And Procedures Of Statistics (Biometric Approach). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Stevani, H. (2016). Pharmaceutical Print Material Module: Pharmacology Practicum. http://bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id/Pusdiksdmk/Wp-Content/Uploads/2017/08/Praktikum-Farmakologi-Komprehensive.Pdf
Stratton, K., Kwan, L., & Eaton, D. (2018). Public Health Consequences of E -Cigarettes. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24952
Suntoro, H. (1983). Methods of Staining, Histology and Histochemistry. Bhratara Karya Aksara.
Suryadinata, R. (2018). Effect of Free Radicals on The Inflammatory Process in Chronic Obstructive. Pulmonary Disease (Ppok). Amerta Nutr, 317–324. https://doi.org/10.20473/Amnt.V2.I4.2018.317-324
Tyner, J., Kim, E., Ide, K., Pelletier, M., Roswit, W., Morton, J., & Battaile, J. (2006). Blocking Airway Mucous Cell Metaplasia by Inhibiting EGFR Antiapoptosis and IL-13 Transdifferentiation Signals. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 116(2), 309–321. https://doi.org//10.1172/JCI25167
Wawryk-Gawda, E., Wrzos, P., & Zarobkiewicz, M. (2020). Lung Histomorphological Alterations In Rats Exposed To Cigarette Smoke And Electronic Cigarette Vapor. Experimental And Therapeutic Medicine., 19, 2826–2832. https://doi.org/10.3892/Etm.2020.8530
Authors
Tyas Utami, E., Arifianti, B. D., Mahriani, M., & Fajariyah, S. (2020). Effect of Exposure to E-Cigarette Smoke on Lung Histology of Balb/c Male Mice (Mus musculus L.) . BIOEDUSCIENCE, 4(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.22236/j.bes/425319
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