Subchronic Toxicity Test of Indian Almond (Terminalia catappa) Leaves Water Extract on The Liver Histology of Mice (Mus musculus)
Article Sidebar
Submitted
28 June 2020
Published
31 December 2020
Keywords:
-
Histopathology, Hepar, Indian Almond leaf, Toxicity
Abstract
Background: Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) is used as an alternative medicine by the community to treat various diseases. However, limited research has been conducted on the subchronic toxicity of Indian almond water extracts on the liver. Present study aimed to determine the subchronic toxic effects of Indian almond leaf water extract on the liver histology of mice and to evaluate the safe dose of Indian almond leaf water extract with various doses (125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg). Methods: In total of 33 male mice were randomly divided into 11 groups, each group consisting of three mice as replication. For 30 days, mice in five treatment groups were orally treated every day with water extracts of green Indian almond leaf while other five groups were given water extracts of brown Indian almond leaves and compare with control group. At the end of day 30, all mice were sacrificed, and hepar was taken out for histological preparations. The histopathological changes in the liver was observed and assessed based on histological damage in the term of degeneration and necrosis. Results: The administration of green and brown Indian almond water extract at doses of 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg / kg BB showed a toxic effect on the liver of mice. The toxic effect was due to the high doses, causing a cell swelling damage and increased liver necrosis. Conclusion: Indian almond leaf water extract can cause toxic effects on the liver of mice at the doses implemented.
Full text article
Generated from XML file
References
Adinata, M. O., Sudira, I. W., & Berata, I. K. 2012. Efek Ekstrak Daun Ashitaba (Angelica Keiskei) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) Jantan. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 4(2), 55-62.
Allyn, O. Q., Kusumawati, E., & Nugroho, R. A. 2018. Antimicrobial Activity of Terminalia catappa Brown Leaf Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. F1000Research, 7. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15998.1
Arjadi, F., Kurniawan, D. W., Nugraha, T., Febrin, F. R., Salman, E., & Wyangsari, N. P. 2017. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Akar Purwoceng (Pimpinella Pruatjan Molk.) Secara Akut Terhadap Fungsi Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Jantan: Uji Toksisitas Akut. PROSIDING, 7(1).
Chen, Z., Duan, H., Tong, X., Hsu, P., Han, L., Morris-Natschke, S. L., Yang, S., Liu, W., & Lee, K.-H. 2017. Cytotoxicity, hemolytic toxicity, and mechanism of action of Pulsatilla saponin D and its synthetic derivatives. Journal of Natural Products, 81(3), 465-474.
Ciptaningrum, I. 2020. Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Rhizophora apiculata Terhadap Histopatologi Hepar Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvergicus) Galur Sparague Dawley. Skripsi, 188250441(Fakultas Kedokteran, Prodi Pendidikan Dokter).
Darmawan, E., Narwanti, I., Fatimah, S. F., Wulandari, I. A., Salma, R. P., & Dzulhaifa, D. 2020. The Sub-Chronic Toxicity Test of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) and Pegagan (Centella asiatica) Extract In Wistar Strain Rats On Liver And Kidney Function. Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community, 16(2), 86-95. https://doi.org/10.24071/jpsc.001674
Fitmawati, F., Titrawani, T., & Safitri, W. 2018. Struktur Histologi Hati Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout 1769) Dengan Pemberian Ramuan Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu Lingga, Kepulauan Riau. EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi, 3(1), 11-19.
Jumain, J., Syahruni, S., & Farid, F. 2018. Uji Toksisitas Akut Dan LD50 Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kirinyuh (Euphatorium odoratum Linn) Pada Mencit (Mus musculus). Media Farmasi, 14(1), 28-34.
Kasmawati, H., Ihsan, S., Suryani, S., Ruslin, R., & Ruben, S. 2020. Uji Toksisitas Subkronik Sediaan Teh Lansau (Lansau kita) Khas Suku Muna Terhadap Mencit Jantan (Mus muscullus). Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Pangan, 5(2), 2701-2711.
Khan, N. T. 2019. Therapeutic properties of saponins. International Invention of Scientific Journal, 3(01), 409-411.
Lu, F. C. 1995. Toksikologi dasar. Asas, organ sasaran dan penilaian resiko. Edisi II. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta, 428.
Makalalag, A. K., Sangi, M. S., & Kumaunang, M. G. 2019. Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol dari Daun Turi (Sesbania grandiflora Pers). CHEMISTRY PROGRESS, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.8.1.2015.9442
Mangirang, F., Maarisit, W., Mongi, J., Lengkey, Y., & Tulandi, S. 2019. Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Pare Momordica charantia Linn Terhadap Larva Artemia salina Leach dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Biofarmasetikal Tropis, 2(1), 22-27.
Marsh, K. J., Wallis, I. R., Kulheim, C., Clark, R., Nicolle, D., Foley, W. J., & Salminen, J. P. 2020. New approaches to tannin analysis of leaves can be used to explain in vitro biological activities associated with herbivore defence. New Phytologist, 225(1), 488-498.
Nugroho, R. A., Aryani, R., Anggraini, W. D. C., Hardi, E. H., Rudianto, R., Kusumawati, E., Sudrajat, S., Nur, F. M., & Manurung, H. (2019a). Dietary Terminalia catappa Leaves Reduced Growth Performance but Increased Hematological Profiles and Survival Rate of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,
Nugroho, R. A., Aryani, R., Manurung, H., Rudianto, R., & Prameswari, D. 2019b. Wound Healing Potency of Terminalia catappa in Mice (Mus musculus). Eurasia Journal of Biosciencs, 13(1), 2337-2342.
Nugroho, R. A., Manurung, H., Nur, F. M., & Prahastika, W. 2017. Terminalia catappa L. Extract Improves Survival, Hematological Profile and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Betta sp. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 25(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1515/aopf-2017-0010
Nugroho, R. A., Manurung, H., Saraswati, D., Ladyescha, D., & Nur, F. M. 2016. The Effects of Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract on The Haematological Profile of Ornamental Fish Betta splendens. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology and Biology Education, 8(2), 241-248. https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i2.6519
Nugroho, R. A., Utami, D., Aryani, R., Nur, F. M., Sari, Y., & Manurung, H. (2019c). In Vivo Wound Healing Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Terminalia catappa L. Leaves In Mice (Mus musculus). Journal of Physics: Conference Series,
Prasetyo, Y. E., Made, M., Made, K., & Wayan, S. 2018. Perubahan Histopatologi Hati Mencit yang diberikan Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Sarang Semut. Buletin Veteriner Udayana,, 11(1), 44-50.
Rachmawati, E., & Ulfa, E. U. 2018. Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Kayu Kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr) terhadap Hepar dan Ginjal. Global Medical & Health Communication, 6(1), 1-6.
Setyowati, W. (2010). Uji Toksisitas Akut Monocrotophos Dosis Bertingkat Per Oral Dilihat dari Gambaran Histopatologi Hepar Mencit Balb/c Faculty of Medicine.
Singh, V., Singh, A. P., Sharma, I., Singh, L. C., Sharma, J., Borthakar, B. B., Rai, A. K., Kataki, A. C., Kapur, S., & Saxena, S. 2019. Epigenetic deregulations of Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor beta-Smad pathways in esophageal cancer: Outcome of DNA methylation. Journal of cancer research and therapeutics, 15(1), 192.
Wahyuni, F. S., Putri, I. N., & Arisanti, D. 2017. Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Fraksi Etil Asetat Kulit Buah Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) terhadap Fungsi Hati dan Ginjal Mencit Putih Betina. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 3(2), 202-212.
Wresdiyati, T., & Handharyani, E. (2019). Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Daun Undis (Cajanus cajan) yang Diukur dengan Penentuan LD50 pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) IPB]. Bogor.
Yusuf, M. I., Wulaisfan, R., Haswika, H., & Wahyuni, W. 2018. Uji Toksisitas Akut dan Gambaran Histopatologi Hepar Mencit yang Diberi Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Daun Galing (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin). Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan, 4(1).
Allyn, O. Q., Kusumawati, E., & Nugroho, R. A. 2018. Antimicrobial Activity of Terminalia catappa Brown Leaf Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. F1000Research, 7. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15998.1
Arjadi, F., Kurniawan, D. W., Nugraha, T., Febrin, F. R., Salman, E., & Wyangsari, N. P. 2017. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Akar Purwoceng (Pimpinella Pruatjan Molk.) Secara Akut Terhadap Fungsi Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Jantan: Uji Toksisitas Akut. PROSIDING, 7(1).
Chen, Z., Duan, H., Tong, X., Hsu, P., Han, L., Morris-Natschke, S. L., Yang, S., Liu, W., & Lee, K.-H. 2017. Cytotoxicity, hemolytic toxicity, and mechanism of action of Pulsatilla saponin D and its synthetic derivatives. Journal of Natural Products, 81(3), 465-474.
Ciptaningrum, I. 2020. Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Rhizophora apiculata Terhadap Histopatologi Hepar Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvergicus) Galur Sparague Dawley. Skripsi, 188250441(Fakultas Kedokteran, Prodi Pendidikan Dokter).
Darmawan, E., Narwanti, I., Fatimah, S. F., Wulandari, I. A., Salma, R. P., & Dzulhaifa, D. 2020. The Sub-Chronic Toxicity Test of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) and Pegagan (Centella asiatica) Extract In Wistar Strain Rats On Liver And Kidney Function. Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community, 16(2), 86-95. https://doi.org/10.24071/jpsc.001674
Fitmawati, F., Titrawani, T., & Safitri, W. 2018. Struktur Histologi Hati Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout 1769) Dengan Pemberian Ramuan Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu Lingga, Kepulauan Riau. EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi, 3(1), 11-19.
Jumain, J., Syahruni, S., & Farid, F. 2018. Uji Toksisitas Akut Dan LD50 Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kirinyuh (Euphatorium odoratum Linn) Pada Mencit (Mus musculus). Media Farmasi, 14(1), 28-34.
Kasmawati, H., Ihsan, S., Suryani, S., Ruslin, R., & Ruben, S. 2020. Uji Toksisitas Subkronik Sediaan Teh Lansau (Lansau kita) Khas Suku Muna Terhadap Mencit Jantan (Mus muscullus). Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Pangan, 5(2), 2701-2711.
Khan, N. T. 2019. Therapeutic properties of saponins. International Invention of Scientific Journal, 3(01), 409-411.
Lu, F. C. 1995. Toksikologi dasar. Asas, organ sasaran dan penilaian resiko. Edisi II. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta, 428.
Makalalag, A. K., Sangi, M. S., & Kumaunang, M. G. 2019. Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol dari Daun Turi (Sesbania grandiflora Pers). CHEMISTRY PROGRESS, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.35799/cp.8.1.2015.9442
Mangirang, F., Maarisit, W., Mongi, J., Lengkey, Y., & Tulandi, S. 2019. Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Pare Momordica charantia Linn Terhadap Larva Artemia salina Leach dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Biofarmasetikal Tropis, 2(1), 22-27.
Marsh, K. J., Wallis, I. R., Kulheim, C., Clark, R., Nicolle, D., Foley, W. J., & Salminen, J. P. 2020. New approaches to tannin analysis of leaves can be used to explain in vitro biological activities associated with herbivore defence. New Phytologist, 225(1), 488-498.
Nugroho, R. A., Aryani, R., Anggraini, W. D. C., Hardi, E. H., Rudianto, R., Kusumawati, E., Sudrajat, S., Nur, F. M., & Manurung, H. (2019a). Dietary Terminalia catappa Leaves Reduced Growth Performance but Increased Hematological Profiles and Survival Rate of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,
Nugroho, R. A., Aryani, R., Manurung, H., Rudianto, R., & Prameswari, D. 2019b. Wound Healing Potency of Terminalia catappa in Mice (Mus musculus). Eurasia Journal of Biosciencs, 13(1), 2337-2342.
Nugroho, R. A., Manurung, H., Nur, F. M., & Prahastika, W. 2017. Terminalia catappa L. Extract Improves Survival, Hematological Profile and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Betta sp. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 25(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1515/aopf-2017-0010
Nugroho, R. A., Manurung, H., Saraswati, D., Ladyescha, D., & Nur, F. M. 2016. The Effects of Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract on The Haematological Profile of Ornamental Fish Betta splendens. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology and Biology Education, 8(2), 241-248. https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i2.6519
Nugroho, R. A., Utami, D., Aryani, R., Nur, F. M., Sari, Y., & Manurung, H. (2019c). In Vivo Wound Healing Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Terminalia catappa L. Leaves In Mice (Mus musculus). Journal of Physics: Conference Series,
Prasetyo, Y. E., Made, M., Made, K., & Wayan, S. 2018. Perubahan Histopatologi Hati Mencit yang diberikan Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Sarang Semut. Buletin Veteriner Udayana,, 11(1), 44-50.
Rachmawati, E., & Ulfa, E. U. 2018. Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Kayu Kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr) terhadap Hepar dan Ginjal. Global Medical & Health Communication, 6(1), 1-6.
Setyowati, W. (2010). Uji Toksisitas Akut Monocrotophos Dosis Bertingkat Per Oral Dilihat dari Gambaran Histopatologi Hepar Mencit Balb/c Faculty of Medicine.
Singh, V., Singh, A. P., Sharma, I., Singh, L. C., Sharma, J., Borthakar, B. B., Rai, A. K., Kataki, A. C., Kapur, S., & Saxena, S. 2019. Epigenetic deregulations of Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor beta-Smad pathways in esophageal cancer: Outcome of DNA methylation. Journal of cancer research and therapeutics, 15(1), 192.
Wahyuni, F. S., Putri, I. N., & Arisanti, D. 2017. Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Fraksi Etil Asetat Kulit Buah Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) terhadap Fungsi Hati dan Ginjal Mencit Putih Betina. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 3(2), 202-212.
Wresdiyati, T., & Handharyani, E. (2019). Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Daun Undis (Cajanus cajan) yang Diukur dengan Penentuan LD50 pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) IPB]. Bogor.
Yusuf, M. I., Wulaisfan, R., Haswika, H., & Wahyuni, W. 2018. Uji Toksisitas Akut dan Gambaran Histopatologi Hepar Mencit yang Diberi Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Daun Galing (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin). Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan, 4(1).
Authors
Rudy, N., Puspa, N. C. S., Aryani, R., Prahastika, W., Rudianto, R., & Manurung, H. (2020). Subchronic Toxicity Test of Indian Almond (Terminalia catappa) Leaves Water Extract on The Liver Histology of Mice (Mus musculus). BIOEDUSCIENCE, 4(2), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.22236/j.bes/425173
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.