Antibacterial Potential of Bidara Laut (Ximenia americana) Plant Against Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus Bacteria
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Submitted
7 June 2020
Published
30 April 2021
Keywords:
-
Antibacteria, Marine Aquaculture, Vibrosis, Ximenia americana Antibakteri, Budidaya Perikanan, Vibrosis, Ximenia americana
Abstract
Background: Vibriosis is currently still a major problem in marine aquaculture and is highly dependent on availability of antibacterial agents in its handling. Investigation of antibacterial potential of the coastal plants of Bidara Laut (Ximenia americana) has been carried out. Methods: Parts of the X. americana plant taken are Old Fruit, Young Fruit, Old Leaf, and Young Leaf. A total of ± 200 grams of each part of X. americana plant was taken to be extracted using maceration method. The antibacterial activity test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. Observations were made in time units, namely every 6 hours of incubation for 24 hours. Results: The tested extract of plant parts of X. americana showed an inhibition zone against the growth of V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria in each replication in all-time units of observation. Of the four types of extracts tested, old leaves showed strong category resistance to V. alginolyticus with the highest clear zone diameter of 16 mm (average 14.67 mm) at 6 hours incubation. Young leaves gave the highest of 18 mm (average 16.33 mm) against V. parahaemolyticus at 6 hours incubation. Conclusions: X. americana plants have potential for antibacterial against Vibriosis disease in aquaculture. The ability of power to be seen tended to decrease for all tests until the end of observation, but until the end of observation, the ability of extract inhibition of all parts of the plant was still in the moderate to strong category.
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References
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Bachtiar, S. Y., Tjahjaningsih, W., & Sianita, N. (2012). Pengaruh ekstrak alga coklat (Sargassum sp.) terhadap bakteri Eschericia coli. Journal Of Marine and Coastal Science, 1(1), 53–60.
Chinsembu, K. C. (2016). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal flora utilised by traditional healers in the management of sexually transmitted infections in Sesheke District , Western Province , Zambia. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 26(2016), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.030
Cowan, M. M. (2006). Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical MicrobiologyReviews, 12(4), 564–582.
Dahlia, Supprapto, H., & Kusdarwati, R. (2017). Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pada Benih Ikan Kerapu Cantang (Epinephelus sp.) dari Kolam Pendederan Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BPBAP) Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Aquaculture and Fish Health, 6(2), 57–66.
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Johnny, F., & Roza, D. (2014). Infeksi Bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus Pada Lumba-Lumba Hidung Botol, Tursiops aduncus yang Dipelihara di Lovina, Singaraja, Bali [Infection of Bacterial Vibrio alginolyticus on Bottle Nose Dolphins, Tursiops aduncus Reared at Lovina, Singaraja, Bali]. Berita Biologi, 13(3), 295–300.
Luturmas, A., & Pattinasarany, A. Y. (2010). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Vibrio alginolitycus pada Ikan Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis) Sebagai Faktor Virulensi Bakteri Patogen. Seminar Nasional Basic Science II, 36–42.
Maikai, V. A., & Maikai, B. V. (2009). Antimicrobial Properties of Stem Bark Extracts of Ximenia Americana. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(2), 30–34.
Manzo, L. M., Moussa, I., & Ikhiri, K. (2017). Phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants used against diarrhea in Niger , West Africa. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 5(4), 32–38.
Mariko, M., Sarr, S. O., Diop, A., Modi, I. A., Dackouo, B., & Diop, Y. M. (2016). Antioxidant activity study and total phenolic determination of leaf extracts of Ximenia americana L . ( Olacaceae ) an anti- tumor plant used traditionally in Mali . Journal of Applied Biosciences, 106(2016), 10258–10265.
Mulugeta, T., Unnithan, C. R., Tesfaysc, D., & Wemariam, Y. (2015). Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of The Essential Oils of Ximenia americana Leaves. World Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(09), 916–923.
Najjaa, H., Neffati, M., Zouari, S., & Ammar, E. (2007). Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of different extracts of Allium roseum L., a North African endemic species. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 10(2007), 820–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2007.03.003
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Nordeng, H., Al-zayadi, W., Diallo, D., Ballo, N., & Paulsen, B. S. (2013). Traditional medicine practitioners ' knowledge and views on treatment of pregnant women in three regions of Mali. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2013, 9(67), 1–9.
Olabissi, O. A., Moussa, O., Moustapha, O., Edgard, Z. F., Eléonore, K., Marius, L., & Pierre, G. I. (2011). Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous ethanol extract of root bark of Ximenia americana L . ( Olacaceae ). African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(7), 806–811. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP10.008
Pelczar, M. J., & Chan, E. C. S. (2008). Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi (R. S. Hadioetomo, T. Imas, S. S. Tjitrosomo, & S. L. Angka (eds.); 1st ed.). UI-Press.
Sabir, A. (2005). Aktivitas antibakteri flavonoid propolis Trigona sp terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans ( in vitro ) ( In vitro antibacterial activity of flavonoids Trigona sp propolis against Streptococcus mutans ). Maj Ked Gigi, 38(3), 135–141.
Saeed, & Bashier. (2010). Physicochemical Analysis of Ximenia americanaL. Seed Oil and Structural Elucidation of Some Chemical Constituents of Its Seed Oil and Fruit. Journal of Pharmacology and Phytothology, 2, 49–55.
Sarra, M., Taoufik, G., Patrick, L. C., Benjamin, B., Yannick, F., & Khaled, H. (2013). Isolation and Characterization of Enterococci Bacteriocinic Strains from Tunisian Fish Viscera. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 04(06), 701–708. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2013.46089
Sartika, R., Melki, & Purwiyanto, A. I. S. (2013). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rumput laut eucheuma cottoni terhadap bakteri escherichia coli,staphylococcus aureus,vibrio cholera dan salmonella typhosa. Maspari Journal, 5(2), 98–103.
Sasidharan, S., Chen, Y., Saravanan, D., Sundram, K. M., & Latha, L. Y. (2011). Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds From Plants Extracts. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 8(1), 1–10.
Seeram, N. P., Adams, L. S., Henning, S. M., Niu, Y., Zhang, Y., Nair, M. G., & Heber, D. (2005). In vitro antiproliferative , apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin , ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 16(2005), 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.006
Shettar, A. K., Katrahalli, K., Kaliwal, B. B., & Vedamurtht, A. B. (2015). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5(11), 918–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(15)60957-4
Shettar, A. K., & Vedamurthy, A. B. (2017). Evaluation of in-vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Ximenia america- na , Hopea ponga and Vitex leucoxylon. Pharmacognosy Journal, Vol 9, 9(3), 367–371.
Siddaiah, M., N, J. K., Souris, K., P, Y. K. J., & Kumar, P. V. (2011). Phytochemical Screening and Anti Diabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Ximenia Americana in Rats. International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Research, 2(1), 78–83.
Silva-Leite, K. E. S. da, Assreuy, A. M. S., Mendonca, L. F., Damasceno, L. E. A., Queiroz, M. G. R. de, Mourao, P. A. S., Pires, A. F., & Pereira, M. g. (2017). Polysaccharide rich fractions from barks of Ximenia americana inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception in mice Antinociceptive effect of Ximenia americana polysaccharide rich fractions. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 27(2017), 339–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.12.001
Silva, R. A. C. da, Lemos, T. L. G. de, Ferreira, D. A., & Monte, F. J. Q. (2016). Ximenia americana"¯: Chemical and Spectral Studies of Extracts of Seeds . Analysis of Trimethylsilyl Derivatives by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 7(February 2016), 192–202.
Siregar, A. F., Sabdono, A., & Pringgenies, D. (2012). Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Rumput Laut Terhadap Bakteri Penyakit Kulit Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, dan Micrococcus luteus. Journal Of Marine Research, 1(2), 152–160.
Tanko, E., I, A. A., A, L.-A. R., N, D. B. E., T, M. J., & J, O. (2017). Physico-chemical , Fatty Acid Profile and Amino Acid Composition of the Fruit Pulp and Seeds of Ximeniaamericana L . ( Tallow Plum ) Obtained in Niger State , Nigeria. International Journal of Food Chemistry, 1(2), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfc.20170102.11
Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., & Sutton, D. J. (2012). Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicicology Volume 3: Environmental Toxicology. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology, 101, 133–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4
Urso, V., Signorini, M. A., & Bruschi, P. (2013). Survey of the ethnobotanical uses of Ximenia americana L . ( mumpeke ) among rural communities in South Angola. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.492
Venkateshwarlu, G., Shantha, T. R., Shiddamallayya, N., & Ramarao, V. (2012). Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening on the Leaves of Ximenia americana Linn. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 3(2), 140–145.
Zen, N. A. M., Edwin, D.-Q., & E. Singkoh, M. (2015). Bioactivity Test of Padina australis Extract Obtained from Molas Coast of North Sulawesi, Against Bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jurnal Pesisir Dan Laut Tropis, 2(1), 34–40.
Abdalla, Wail E, & Abdallah, E. M. (2016). Promising Sudanese Medicinal Plants with Antibacterial Activity - a Review Article. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 8(1), 299–323.
Adriani. (2015). Aktivitas Antibakterial Fungi Endofit Caulerpa racemosa Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mikrobiologi Kesehatan Dan Lingkungan, 11–15.
Azmir, J., Zaidul, I. S. M., Rahman, M. M., Sharif, K. M., Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., & Omar, A. K. M. (2013). Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials"¯: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, 117, 426–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng. 2013.01.014
Bachtiar, S. Y., Tjahjaningsih, W., & Sianita, N. (2012). Pengaruh ekstrak alga coklat (Sargassum sp.) terhadap bakteri Eschericia coli. Journal Of Marine and Coastal Science, 1(1), 53–60.
Chinsembu, K. C. (2016). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal flora utilised by traditional healers in the management of sexually transmitted infections in Sesheke District , Western Province , Zambia. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 26(2016), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.030
Cowan, M. M. (2006). Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical MicrobiologyReviews, 12(4), 564–582.
Dahlia, Supprapto, H., & Kusdarwati, R. (2017). Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pada Benih Ikan Kerapu Cantang (Epinephelus sp.) dari Kolam Pendederan Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BPBAP) Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Aquaculture and Fish Health, 6(2), 57–66.
Davis, W. W., & Stout, T. R. (1971). Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay. II. Novel procedure offering improved accuracy. Applied Microbiology, 22(4), 666–670. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.22.4.666-670.1971
Johnny, F., & Roza, D. (2014). Infeksi Bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus Pada Lumba-Lumba Hidung Botol, Tursiops aduncus yang Dipelihara di Lovina, Singaraja, Bali [Infection of Bacterial Vibrio alginolyticus on Bottle Nose Dolphins, Tursiops aduncus Reared at Lovina, Singaraja, Bali]. Berita Biologi, 13(3), 295–300.
Luturmas, A., & Pattinasarany, A. Y. (2010). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Vibrio alginolitycus pada Ikan Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis) Sebagai Faktor Virulensi Bakteri Patogen. Seminar Nasional Basic Science II, 36–42.
Maikai, V. A., & Maikai, B. V. (2009). Antimicrobial Properties of Stem Bark Extracts of Ximenia Americana. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(2), 30–34.
Manzo, L. M., Moussa, I., & Ikhiri, K. (2017). Phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants used against diarrhea in Niger , West Africa. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 5(4), 32–38.
Mariko, M., Sarr, S. O., Diop, A., Modi, I. A., Dackouo, B., & Diop, Y. M. (2016). Antioxidant activity study and total phenolic determination of leaf extracts of Ximenia americana L . ( Olacaceae ) an anti- tumor plant used traditionally in Mali . Journal of Applied Biosciences, 106(2016), 10258–10265.
Mulugeta, T., Unnithan, C. R., Tesfaysc, D., & Wemariam, Y. (2015). Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of The Essential Oils of Ximenia americana Leaves. World Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(09), 916–923.
Najjaa, H., Neffati, M., Zouari, S., & Ammar, E. (2007). Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of different extracts of Allium roseum L., a North African endemic species. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 10(2007), 820–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2007.03.003
Natrah, F. M. I., Harah, Z. M., Sidik, B. J., Izzatul, N. M. S., & Syahidah, A. (2015). Antibacterial activities of selected seaweed and seagrass from port dickson coastal water against different aquaculture pathogens. Sains Malaysiana, 44(9), 1269–1273. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2015-4409-08
Nordeng, H., Al-zayadi, W., Diallo, D., Ballo, N., & Paulsen, B. S. (2013). Traditional medicine practitioners ' knowledge and views on treatment of pregnant women in three regions of Mali. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2013, 9(67), 1–9.
Olabissi, O. A., Moussa, O., Moustapha, O., Edgard, Z. F., Eléonore, K., Marius, L., & Pierre, G. I. (2011). Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous ethanol extract of root bark of Ximenia americana L . ( Olacaceae ). African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(7), 806–811. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP10.008
Pelczar, M. J., & Chan, E. C. S. (2008). Dasar-Dasar Mikrobiologi (R. S. Hadioetomo, T. Imas, S. S. Tjitrosomo, & S. L. Angka (eds.); 1st ed.). UI-Press.
Sabir, A. (2005). Aktivitas antibakteri flavonoid propolis Trigona sp terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans ( in vitro ) ( In vitro antibacterial activity of flavonoids Trigona sp propolis against Streptococcus mutans ). Maj Ked Gigi, 38(3), 135–141.
Saeed, & Bashier. (2010). Physicochemical Analysis of Ximenia americanaL. Seed Oil and Structural Elucidation of Some Chemical Constituents of Its Seed Oil and Fruit. Journal of Pharmacology and Phytothology, 2, 49–55.
Sarra, M., Taoufik, G., Patrick, L. C., Benjamin, B., Yannick, F., & Khaled, H. (2013). Isolation and Characterization of Enterococci Bacteriocinic Strains from Tunisian Fish Viscera. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 04(06), 701–708. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2013.46089
Sartika, R., Melki, & Purwiyanto, A. I. S. (2013). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rumput laut eucheuma cottoni terhadap bakteri escherichia coli,staphylococcus aureus,vibrio cholera dan salmonella typhosa. Maspari Journal, 5(2), 98–103.
Sasidharan, S., Chen, Y., Saravanan, D., Sundram, K. M., & Latha, L. Y. (2011). Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds From Plants Extracts. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 8(1), 1–10.
Seeram, N. P., Adams, L. S., Henning, S. M., Niu, Y., Zhang, Y., Nair, M. G., & Heber, D. (2005). In vitro antiproliferative , apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin , ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 16(2005), 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.006
Shettar, A. K., Katrahalli, K., Kaliwal, B. B., & Vedamurtht, A. B. (2015). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. Asian Pasific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5(11), 918–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(15)60957-4
Shettar, A. K., & Vedamurthy, A. B. (2017). Evaluation of in-vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Ximenia america- na , Hopea ponga and Vitex leucoxylon. Pharmacognosy Journal, Vol 9, 9(3), 367–371.
Siddaiah, M., N, J. K., Souris, K., P, Y. K. J., & Kumar, P. V. (2011). Phytochemical Screening and Anti Diabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Ximenia Americana in Rats. International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Research, 2(1), 78–83.
Silva-Leite, K. E. S. da, Assreuy, A. M. S., Mendonca, L. F., Damasceno, L. E. A., Queiroz, M. G. R. de, Mourao, P. A. S., Pires, A. F., & Pereira, M. g. (2017). Polysaccharide rich fractions from barks of Ximenia americana inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception in mice Antinociceptive effect of Ximenia americana polysaccharide rich fractions. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 27(2017), 339–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.12.001
Silva, R. A. C. da, Lemos, T. L. G. de, Ferreira, D. A., & Monte, F. J. Q. (2016). Ximenia americana"¯: Chemical and Spectral Studies of Extracts of Seeds . Analysis of Trimethylsilyl Derivatives by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 7(February 2016), 192–202.
Siregar, A. F., Sabdono, A., & Pringgenies, D. (2012). Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Rumput Laut Terhadap Bakteri Penyakit Kulit Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, dan Micrococcus luteus. Journal Of Marine Research, 1(2), 152–160.
Tanko, E., I, A. A., A, L.-A. R., N, D. B. E., T, M. J., & J, O. (2017). Physico-chemical , Fatty Acid Profile and Amino Acid Composition of the Fruit Pulp and Seeds of Ximeniaamericana L . ( Tallow Plum ) Obtained in Niger State , Nigeria. International Journal of Food Chemistry, 1(2), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfc.20170102.11
Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., & Sutton, D. J. (2012). Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicicology Volume 3: Environmental Toxicology. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology, 101, 133–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4
Urso, V., Signorini, M. A., & Bruschi, P. (2013). Survey of the ethnobotanical uses of Ximenia americana L . ( mumpeke ) among rural communities in South Angola. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.492
Venkateshwarlu, G., Shantha, T. R., Shiddamallayya, N., & Ramarao, V. (2012). Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening on the Leaves of Ximenia americana Linn. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 3(2), 140–145.
Zen, N. A. M., Edwin, D.-Q., & E. Singkoh, M. (2015). Bioactivity Test of Padina australis Extract Obtained from Molas Coast of North Sulawesi, Against Bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jurnal Pesisir Dan Laut Tropis, 2(1), 34–40.
Authors
Ramses, R., Agustina, F., & Nugroho, R. P. P. (2021). Antibacterial Potential of Bidara Laut (Ximenia americana) Plant Against Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus Bacteria. BIOEDUSCIENCE, 5(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.22236/j.bes/515091
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