Phytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Lantana Camara L. Leaves on Germination and Early Growth of Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Cempo Merah)
Abstract
Background: The use of aqueous extracts from certain plants in controlling weeds is gaining attention in eco-friendly agriculture due to their allelopathic activity. One of the plants that has been investigated as a potential bioherbicide for controlling various weeds is Lantana camara L. Its extract has been tested on several non-targeted plants and has been shown to inhibit their germination. This study aimed to examine the effect of bioherbicide (aqueous extract of Lantana camara L. leaves) on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Cempo Merah) as a non-targeted plant. Methods: This experimental study used a completely randomized design with three replications. Concentration series of the aqueous extracts from L. camara L. leaves (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were tested on rice seeds that were germinated on petri dishes for 14 days. Results: The results showed that the aqueous extract of L. camara L. leaves had a phytotoxic effect on germination and early growth of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Cempo Merah). Conclusions: The highest concentration exhibited the greatest phytotoxicity. Allelopathy chemicals in L. camara L. leaves were responsible for these effects.
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References
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Chaudhari, P. R., Tamrakar, N., Singh, L., Tandon, A., Sharma, D., & Prabha Chaudhari, C. R. (2018). Rice nutritional and medicinal properties: A review article. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(2), 150–156.
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El-Kenany, E. T., & Salma, E.-D. M. (2013). Suppression effects of Lantana camara L. aqueous extracts on germination efficiency of Phalaris minor Retz. and Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench). Journal of Taibah University for Science, 7(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2013.04.004
Gindri, D. M., Coelho, C. M. M., & Uarrota, V. G. (2020). Physiological and biochemical effects of Lantana camara L. Allelochemicals on the seed germination of Avena sativa L. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical, 50, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5062546
Gindri, D. M., Coelho, C. M. M., Uarrota, V. G., & Rebelo, A. M. (2020). Herbicidal bioactivity of natural compounds from Lantana camara on the germination and seedling growth of Bidens pilosa. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical, 50, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632019v5057746
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Han, Z., Osman, R., Liu, Y., Wei, Z., Wang, L., & Xu, M. (2023). Analyzing the impacts of cadmium alone and in co-existence with polypropylene microplastics on wheat growth. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14(August), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1240472
Hasan, M., Ahmad-Hamdani, M. S., Rosli, A. M., & Hamdan, H. (2021). Bioherbicides: An eco-friendly tool for sustainable weed management. Plants, 10(6), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061212
Hossain, M. K., & Alam, M. N. (2010). Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara leaf on germination and growth behavior of some agricultural and forest crops in Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 16(2), 217–226.
Khasanah, R. A. N., & Rachmawati, D. (2020a). Peran Silikon dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Kadar Klorofil Padi yang Tercekam Kadmium. Al-Hayat: Journal of Biology and Applied Biology, 3(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.21580/ah.v3i2.5409
Khasanah, R. A. N., & Rachmawati, D. (2020b). Potency of silicon in reducing cadmium toxicity in Cempo Merah rice. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8(4), 405–412. https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2019.12.571
Khasanah, R. A. N., & Rahmawati, S. (2023). The effect of commercial herbicide and bioherbicide of Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L .) on germination and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper ( Capsicum frutescens L .). Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 11(1), 35–47.
Koger, C. H., Reddy, K. N., & Poston, D. H. (2004). Factors affecting seed germination, seedling emergence, and survival of texasweed (Caperonia palustris) . Weed Science, 52(6), 989–995. https://doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-139r2
Lonare, M. K., Sharma, M., Hajare, S. W., & Borekar, V. I. (2012). Lantana camara: Overview on Toxic to Potent Medicinal Properties. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research, 3(09), 3031–3035. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.3(9).3031-35
Mishra, A. (2015). Allelopathic properties of Lantana camara. International Research Journal of Basic and Clinical Studies, 3(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.14303/irjbcs.2014.048
Mistica, D. J. P., Magsino, N. J. S., Tanjusay, Z. C., & Paclibar, G. C. B. (2023). Allelopathic effect of Lantana camara aqueous leaf extract on the seedling germination of Zea mays (maize). Asian Journal of Agriculture, 7(2), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g070203
Ngonadi, E. ., Worlu, C. ., & Onyeyirim, S. . (2019). Evaluation of Allelopathic Property of Lantana camara Vegetative Parts on Seed Germination Attributes of Maize [Zea mays L.]. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 4(5), 1304–1307. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.45.1
Parera, V., Parera, C. A., & Feresin, G. E. (2023). Germination and Early Seedling Growth of High Andean Native Plants under Heavy Metal Stress. Diversity, 15(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15070824
Patel, S. (2011). A weed with multiple utility: Lantana camara. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 10(4), 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-011-9254-7
Pradipta, S., Ubaidillah, M., & Siswoyo, T. A. (2020). Physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties of pigmented rice. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 8(3), 837–851. https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.8.3.15
Rachmawati, D., Monika, N. L. G., & Masruroh, U. (2018). Potensi abu sekam padi untuk meningkatkan ketahanan oksidatif non-enzimatik dan produksi padi merah pada cekaman kekeringan. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 46(1), 24–32.
Raghuvanshi, R., Dutta, A., Tewari, G., & Suri, S. (2017). Qualitative characteristics of red rice and white rice procured from local market of Uttarakhand : A Comparative Study. Journal of Rice Research, 10(1), 49–53.
Ranwala, S. M., Attigala, L. R., & Silva, S. De. (2015). Herbicidal potential of Lantana camara L. on Ludwigia spp in paddy soil. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 17(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v17i1.5293
Senarathne, S. H. S., Fernando, R. D. V., & Sangakkara, U. R. (2011). The allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on seed germination and growth of selected bioassay species. Korean Journal of Weed Science, 31(3), 271–278. https://doi.org/10.5660/kjws.2011.31.3.271
Sharma, O. P., Sharma, S., Pattabhi, V., Mahato, S. B., & Sharma, P. D. (2007). A review of the hepatotoxic plant Lantana camara. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 37(4), 313–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440601177863
Skubacz, A., & Daszkowska‐Golec, A. (2017). Seed dormancy: The complex process regulated by abscisic acid, gibberellins, and other phytohormones that makes seed germination work. In Phytohormones - Signaling Mechanisms and Crosstalk in Plant Development and Stress Responses (Issue August). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68735
Tadele, D. (2014). Allelopathic effects of lantana (Lantana camara L.) Leaf extracts on germination and early growth of three agricultural crops in Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 6(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v6i1.102419
Talhi, F., Kalla, A., Gherraf, N., & Zellagui, A. (2020). Allelopathic effect of the aqueous extract of Lantana camara L. on the germination and development of four vegetable species. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 18, 109–114.
Umiyati, U. U. M., Hg, M. Y., & Adie, K. (2023). Identifikasi dan penyebaran gulma pada sentra padi sawah di Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab, 6(1), 44–50.
Uprety, A., Dahal, B. R., & Shrestha, B. (2021). Germination and seed vigour of indigenous bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) genotype in Nepal. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 18(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i2.51109
Wang, R., Yang, X., Song, Y., Zhang, M., Linhu, Su, Y., & Zeng, R. (2011). Allelopathic potential of Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f.: Laboratory and field evaluation. Allelopathy Journal, 28(1), 53–62.
Weitbrecht, K., Müller, K., & Leubner-Metzger, G. (2011). First off the mark: Early seed germination. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(10), 3289–3309. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err030
Yurlisa, K. (2021). Review: Komposisi vegetasi dan keragaman gulma di lahan padi sawah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan Dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 2(1), 333–342. https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v2i1.198
Ahmed, R., Uddin, M. B., Khan, M. A. S. A., Mukul, S. A., & Hossain, M. K. (2007). Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on germination and growth behavior of some agricultural crops in Bangladesh. Journal of Forestry Research, 18(4), 301–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-007-0060-6
Amirmoradi, S., & Feizi, H. (2017). Can mean germination time predict seed vigor of canola (Brassica napus L.) seed lots? Acta Agrobotanica, 70(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1729
Aref, I. M., Atta, H. A. El, Shahrani, T. Al, & Mohamed, A. I. (2011). Effects of seed pretreatment and seed source on germination of five Acacia spp. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(71), 15901–15910. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.1763
Bhattacharya, S., Namasudra, S., Debnath, S., & Saha, A. K. (2020). Comparative allelopathic effects of two weed extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and Abelmoschus esculentus L. Defence Life Science Journal, 5(3), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.5.15653
Bhuvaneswari, E., & Giri, R. S. (2018). Physicochemical and phytochemical screening in Lantana camara leaves. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 1962–1966.
Chaudhari, P. R., Tamrakar, N., Singh, L., Tandon, A., Sharma, D., & Prabha Chaudhari, C. R. (2018). Rice nutritional and medicinal properties: A review article. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(2), 150–156.
Dadlani, M., & Yadava, D. K. (2023). Seed Science and Technology: Biology, Production, Quality. In Seed Science and Technology: Biology, Production, Quality. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5
Darmanti, S., Santosa, S., Dewi, K., & Nugroho, L. H. (2015). Allelopathic Effect of Cyperus rotundus L. on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Glycine max L. cv. Grobogan. Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 17(2), 61. https://doi.org/10.14710/bioma.17.2.61-67
El-Kenany, E. T., & Salma, E.-D. M. (2013). Suppression effects of Lantana camara L. aqueous extracts on germination efficiency of Phalaris minor Retz. and Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench). Journal of Taibah University for Science, 7(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2013.04.004
Gindri, D. M., Coelho, C. M. M., & Uarrota, V. G. (2020). Physiological and biochemical effects of Lantana camara L. Allelochemicals on the seed germination of Avena sativa L. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical, 50, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5062546
Gindri, D. M., Coelho, C. M. M., Uarrota, V. G., & Rebelo, A. M. (2020). Herbicidal bioactivity of natural compounds from Lantana camara on the germination and seedling growth of Bidens pilosa. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical, 50, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632019v5057746
Gupta, P. (1993). Seed vigour testing. In Agarwal PK, Handbook of seed testing (pp. 245–246). National Seed Corporation.
Han, Z., Osman, R., Liu, Y., Wei, Z., Wang, L., & Xu, M. (2023). Analyzing the impacts of cadmium alone and in co-existence with polypropylene microplastics on wheat growth. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14(August), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1240472
Hasan, M., Ahmad-Hamdani, M. S., Rosli, A. M., & Hamdan, H. (2021). Bioherbicides: An eco-friendly tool for sustainable weed management. Plants, 10(6), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061212
Hossain, M. K., & Alam, M. N. (2010). Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara leaf on germination and growth behavior of some agricultural and forest crops in Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 16(2), 217–226.
Khasanah, R. A. N., & Rachmawati, D. (2020a). Peran Silikon dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Kadar Klorofil Padi yang Tercekam Kadmium. Al-Hayat: Journal of Biology and Applied Biology, 3(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.21580/ah.v3i2.5409
Khasanah, R. A. N., & Rachmawati, D. (2020b). Potency of silicon in reducing cadmium toxicity in Cempo Merah rice. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8(4), 405–412. https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2019.12.571
Khasanah, R. A. N., & Rahmawati, S. (2023). The effect of commercial herbicide and bioherbicide of Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L .) on germination and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper ( Capsicum frutescens L .). Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 11(1), 35–47.
Koger, C. H., Reddy, K. N., & Poston, D. H. (2004). Factors affecting seed germination, seedling emergence, and survival of texasweed (Caperonia palustris) . Weed Science, 52(6), 989–995. https://doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-139r2
Lonare, M. K., Sharma, M., Hajare, S. W., & Borekar, V. I. (2012). Lantana camara: Overview on Toxic to Potent Medicinal Properties. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research, 3(09), 3031–3035. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.3(9).3031-35
Mishra, A. (2015). Allelopathic properties of Lantana camara. International Research Journal of Basic and Clinical Studies, 3(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.14303/irjbcs.2014.048
Mistica, D. J. P., Magsino, N. J. S., Tanjusay, Z. C., & Paclibar, G. C. B. (2023). Allelopathic effect of Lantana camara aqueous leaf extract on the seedling germination of Zea mays (maize). Asian Journal of Agriculture, 7(2), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g070203
Ngonadi, E. ., Worlu, C. ., & Onyeyirim, S. . (2019). Evaluation of Allelopathic Property of Lantana camara Vegetative Parts on Seed Germination Attributes of Maize [Zea mays L.]. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 4(5), 1304–1307. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.45.1
Parera, V., Parera, C. A., & Feresin, G. E. (2023). Germination and Early Seedling Growth of High Andean Native Plants under Heavy Metal Stress. Diversity, 15(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15070824
Patel, S. (2011). A weed with multiple utility: Lantana camara. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 10(4), 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-011-9254-7
Pradipta, S., Ubaidillah, M., & Siswoyo, T. A. (2020). Physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties of pigmented rice. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 8(3), 837–851. https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.8.3.15
Rachmawati, D., Monika, N. L. G., & Masruroh, U. (2018). Potensi abu sekam padi untuk meningkatkan ketahanan oksidatif non-enzimatik dan produksi padi merah pada cekaman kekeringan. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 46(1), 24–32.
Raghuvanshi, R., Dutta, A., Tewari, G., & Suri, S. (2017). Qualitative characteristics of red rice and white rice procured from local market of Uttarakhand : A Comparative Study. Journal of Rice Research, 10(1), 49–53.
Ranwala, S. M., Attigala, L. R., & Silva, S. De. (2015). Herbicidal potential of Lantana camara L. on Ludwigia spp in paddy soil. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 17(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v17i1.5293
Senarathne, S. H. S., Fernando, R. D. V., & Sangakkara, U. R. (2011). The allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on seed germination and growth of selected bioassay species. Korean Journal of Weed Science, 31(3), 271–278. https://doi.org/10.5660/kjws.2011.31.3.271
Sharma, O. P., Sharma, S., Pattabhi, V., Mahato, S. B., & Sharma, P. D. (2007). A review of the hepatotoxic plant Lantana camara. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 37(4), 313–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440601177863
Skubacz, A., & Daszkowska‐Golec, A. (2017). Seed dormancy: The complex process regulated by abscisic acid, gibberellins, and other phytohormones that makes seed germination work. In Phytohormones - Signaling Mechanisms and Crosstalk in Plant Development and Stress Responses (Issue August). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68735
Tadele, D. (2014). Allelopathic effects of lantana (Lantana camara L.) Leaf extracts on germination and early growth of three agricultural crops in Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 6(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v6i1.102419
Talhi, F., Kalla, A., Gherraf, N., & Zellagui, A. (2020). Allelopathic effect of the aqueous extract of Lantana camara L. on the germination and development of four vegetable species. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 18, 109–114.
Umiyati, U. U. M., Hg, M. Y., & Adie, K. (2023). Identifikasi dan penyebaran gulma pada sentra padi sawah di Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab, 6(1), 44–50.
Uprety, A., Dahal, B. R., & Shrestha, B. (2021). Germination and seed vigour of indigenous bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) genotype in Nepal. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 18(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i2.51109
Wang, R., Yang, X., Song, Y., Zhang, M., Linhu, Su, Y., & Zeng, R. (2011). Allelopathic potential of Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f.: Laboratory and field evaluation. Allelopathy Journal, 28(1), 53–62.
Weitbrecht, K., Müller, K., & Leubner-Metzger, G. (2011). First off the mark: Early seed germination. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(10), 3289–3309. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err030
Yurlisa, K. (2021). Review: Komposisi vegetasi dan keragaman gulma di lahan padi sawah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan Dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 2(1), 333–342. https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v2i1.198
Authors
Khasanah, R. A. N. (2025). Phytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Lantana Camara L. Leaves on Germination and Early Growth of Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Cempo Merah). BIOEDUSCIENCE, 9(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.22236/jbes/14538
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