Main Article Content
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Malaysia merupakan negara yang rentan terhadap bencana alam, terutama banjir dengan frekuensi tinggi dan dampak signifikan setiap tahun. Data 2020–2023 menunjukkan fluktuasi kejadian banjir dengan puncak pada 2021 akibat perubahan iklim global dan keterbatasan infrastruktur pengendali air. Tren bencana 1970–2019 juga meningkat, menjadikan banjir sebagai ancaman dominan yang memerlukan peningkatan mitigasi serta kesiapsiagaan sekolah. Metode: Mitigasi dilakukan melalui kolaborasi pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan organisasi terkait melalui pendidikan serta pelatihan kebencanaan yang meliputi teori, simulasi, dan latihan evakuasi, dengan evaluasi menggunakan pre-test dan post-test. Hasil: Pelatihan terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kepedulian siswa, dengan 97,8% mencapai tingkat pengetahuan sangat tinggi setelah pelatihan berdasarkan hasil post-test. Kesimpulan: Pembangunan sekolah tangguh bencana memerlukan peningkatan kapasitas pendidik, pembentukan Tim Tanggap Bencana Sekolah, integrasi kurikulum kebencanaan, perbaikan infrastruktur, dan latihan rutin untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan menghadapi keadaan darurat.
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References
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- Aslanoğlu, A., Bilgiç, N., Murad, A. A., Elshatarat, R. A., Abujaber, D. A., Al Qasim, E., et al. (2024). The impact of educational and training programs on disaster awareness and preparedness among health sciences students: A quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 113, 104888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104888
- Avanesian, G., Mizunoya, S., & Delamonica, E. (2022). UNICEF remote learning readiness index: A composite indicator to assess resilience of education sector against crises and emergencies. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 38(3), 839–852. https://doi.org/10.3233/SJI-210886
- Balasbaneh, A. T., Abidin, A. R. Z., Ramli, M. Z., Khaleghi, S. J., & Marsono, A. K. (2020). Vulnerability assessment of building material against river flood water: Case study in Malaysia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 476(1), 012050. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/476/1/012050
- Barriga Delgado, L. M., Pavlova, I., Yasukawa, S., & Esperancinha, S. (2023). Establishment of the disaster risk reduction unit in UNESCO and UNESCO’s contribution to global resilience. In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1 (pp. 209–213). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25196-5_30
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- Johnson, V. A., Ronan, K. R., Johnston, D. M., & Peace, R. (2016). Improving the impact and implementation of disaster education: Programs for children through theory-based evaluation. Risk Analysis, 36(11), 2120–2135. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12569
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- Kimura, R., Miyake, H., Tamura, K., Kato, N., Morita, Y., Iguchi, M., et al. (2020). Research for contributing to the field of disaster science: A review. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(2), 152–164.
- Lesmana, C., & Nurul, P. (2015). Kesiapsiagaan komunitas sekolah dalam menghadapi bencana di Kabupaten Magelang. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 11(1), 1–75.
- Loke, A. Y., Guo, C., & Molassiotis, A. (2021). Development of disaster nursing education and training programs in the past 20 years (2000–2019): A systematic review. Nurse Education Today, 99, 104809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104809
- Makwana, N. (2019). Disaster and its impact on mental health: A narrative review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(10), 3090. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_759_19
- Maryani, E. (2021). The role of education and geography on disaster preparedness. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 747, p. 012043). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012043
- Mulianingsih, F., & Hardati, P. (2022). Can disaster risk education reduce the impact of disasters in schools? Journal of Geography Science and Education, 4(2), 19–23.
- Muzamil, S. A. H. B. S., Zainun, N. Y., Ajman, N. N., Sulaiman, N., Khahro, S. H., Rohani, M. M., et al. (2022). Proposed framework for the flood disaster management cycle in Malaysia. Sustainability, 14(7), Article 3863. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073863
- Nurdin, N., Rafliana, I., Hidayati, S., Oktari, R. S., & Djalante, R. (2017). Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into school curricula: From national policy to local implementation. In R. Djalante et al. (Eds.), Disaster risk reduction in Indonesia: Progress, challenges, and issues (pp. 213–234). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3_10
- Ogie, R. I., Perez, P., Win, K. T., & Michael, K. (2018). Managing hydrological infrastructure assets for improved flood control in coastal mega-cities of developing nations. Urban Climate, 24, 763–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.09.006
- Osofsky, H., Osofsky, J., Hansel, T., Lawrason, B., & Speier, A. (2018). Building resilience after disasters through the youth leadership program: The importance of community and academic partnerships on youth outcomes. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action, 12(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2018.0013
- Riadi, S., & Erdiyansyah. (2021). Collaborative governance in handling natural and non-natural disasters based on the perspective of public administration: Evidence from Indonesia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.37
- Ronan, K. R., Alisic, E., Towers, B., Johnson, V. A., & Johnston, D. M. (2015). Disaster preparedness for children and families: A critical review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17, Article 58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-015-0589-6
- Sarker, M. N. I., Peng, Y., Yiran, C., & Shouse, R. C. (2020). Disaster resilience through big data: Way to environmental sustainability. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101769
- Save the Children. (2023). Creating lasting change: 2023 Annual Report. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/2023-annual-report-creating-lasting-change/
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- Shah, A. A., Gong, Z., Pal, I., Sun, R., Ullah, W., & Wani, G. F. (2020). Disaster risk management insight on school emergency preparedness: A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101805
- Shiwaku, K., Shaw, R., Kandel, R. C., Shrestha, S. N., & Dixit, A. M. (2007). Future perspective of school disaster education in Nepal. Disaster Prevention and Management, 16(4), 576–587. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560710817064
- Supriyadi, S., Saputro, N. V., Aji, M. P., & Linuwih, S. (2022). The effectiveness of socialization toward students’ understanding of tectonic activities disaster. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 995, p. 012014). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012014
- Tang, K. H. D. (2019). Climate change in Malaysia: Trends, contributors, impacts, mitigation and adaptations. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 1858–1871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.316
- Tarmizi, A. H. A., Rahmat, S. N., Karim, A. T. A., & Tukimat, N. N. A. (2019). Climate change and its impact on rainfall. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 11(1), 170–177.
- Torani, S., Majd, P., Maroufi, S., Dowlati, M., & Sheikhi, R. (2019). The importance of education on disasters and emergencies: A review article. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, Article 85. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_262_18
- UNESCO. (2024). Global education monitoring report 2023, Southeast Asia: Technology in education – A tool on whose terms? (Summary). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387427
- United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2024). Annual report 2023. https://www.undrr.org/annual-report/2023
- United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2024). Annual report 2023. https://www.undrr.org/annual-report/2023
- Wikipedia. (2023). Banjir Malaysia Mac 2023. https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjir_Malaysia_Mac_2023
- Zandalinas, S. I., Fritschi, F. B., & Mittler, R. (2021). Global warming, climate change, and environmental pollution: Recipe for a multifactorial stress combination disaster. Trends in Plant Science, 26, 588–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2021.02.011
- Zorn, M. (2018). Natural disasters and less developed countries. In Nature, tourism and ethnicity as drivers of (de)marginalization (pp. 59–78). Springer.
References
Abid, S. K., Sulaiman, N., Shiau Wei, C., & Nazir, U. (2021). Building resilient future: Information technology and disaster management – A Malaysian perspective. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 795(1), 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/795/1/012018
Affandi, E., Ng, T. F., & Pereira, J. J. (2023). Integration of geoscience information for disaster resilience in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Applied Sciences, 13(12), Article 7082. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127082
Alam, A. S. A. F., Begum, H., Masud, M. M., Al-Amin, A. Q., & Filho, W. L. (2020). Agriculture insurance for disaster risk reduction: A case study of Malaysia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 47, 101626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101626
Alexander, D. (2018). Natural disasters. Routledge.
Aslanoğlu, A., Bilgiç, N., Murad, A. A., Elshatarat, R. A., Abujaber, D. A., Al Qasim, E., et al. (2024). The impact of educational and training programs on disaster awareness and preparedness among health sciences students: A quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 113, 104888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104888
Avanesian, G., Mizunoya, S., & Delamonica, E. (2022). UNICEF remote learning readiness index: A composite indicator to assess resilience of education sector against crises and emergencies. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 38(3), 839–852. https://doi.org/10.3233/SJI-210886
Balasbaneh, A. T., Abidin, A. R. Z., Ramli, M. Z., Khaleghi, S. J., & Marsono, A. K. (2020). Vulnerability assessment of building material against river flood water: Case study in Malaysia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 476(1), 012050. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/476/1/012050
Barriga Delgado, L. M., Pavlova, I., Yasukawa, S., & Esperancinha, S. (2023). Establishment of the disaster risk reduction unit in UNESCO and UNESCO’s contribution to global resilience. In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1 (pp. 209–213). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25196-5_30
Bencana R., & Bumi G. (2019). Siaran media (Vol. 2, pp. 2–3).
Botzen, W. J. W., Deschenes, O., & Sanders, M. (2019). The economic impacts of natural disasters: A review of models and empirical studies. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 13, 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rez004
Butler, D., Leahy, M., Twining, P., Akoh, B., Chtouki, Y., Farshadnia, S., et al. (2018). Education systems in the digital age: The need for alignment. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 23, 473–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-018-9389-2
D’Ayala, D., Galasso, C., Nassirpour, A., Adhikari, R. K., Yamin, L., Fernandez, R., et al. (2020). Resilient communities through safer schools. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 45, 101446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101446
Diana, M. I. N., Muhamad, N., Taha, M. R., Osman, A., & Alam, M. M. (2021). Social vulnerability assessment for landslide hazards in Malaysia: A systematic review study. Land, 10(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030273
Fatma, O. (2006). The level of preparedness of the schools for disasters from the aspect of the school principals. Disaster Prevention and Management, 15(3), 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560610669824
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). (2023). GFDRR Annual Report 2023 – Bringing resilience to scale. https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/2023-annual-report
Hafida, S. H. N. (2018). Urgensi pendidikan kebencanaan bagi siswa sebagai upaya mewujudkan generasi tangguh bencana. Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu, 28(2), 1–10.
How, V., Azmi, E. S., Abdul Rahman, H., & Othman, K. (2020). The way forward: Opportunities and challenges of sustainable school disaster education in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(15).
Ibrahim, N. A., Alwi, S. R. W., Manan, Z. A., Mustaffa, A. A., & Kidam, K. (2021). Flood impact on renewable energy system in Malaysia. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 89, 193–198. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET2189033
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2023). Summary for policymakers. In Climate change 2022 – Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (pp. 3–34). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.001
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). (2023). The Global Plan 2023 for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. https://www.ifrc.org/document/global-plan-2023
Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Malaysia. (2021). Laporan Banjir Tahunan 2020. Kementerian Alam Sekitar dan Air, Malaysia.
Johnson, V. A., Ronan, K. R., Johnston, D. M., & Peace, R. (2016). Improving the impact and implementation of disaster education: Programs for children through theory-based evaluation. Risk Analysis, 36(11), 2120–2135. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12569
Kastolani, W., & Mainaki, R. (2018). Does educational disaster mitigation need to be introduced in school? In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 42, p. 00063). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200063
Kimura, R., Miyake, H., Tamura, K., Kato, N., Morita, Y., Iguchi, M., et al. (2020). Research for contributing to the field of disaster science: A review. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(2), 152–164.
Lesmana, C., & Nurul, P. (2015). Kesiapsiagaan komunitas sekolah dalam menghadapi bencana di Kabupaten Magelang. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 11(1), 1–75.
Loke, A. Y., Guo, C., & Molassiotis, A. (2021). Development of disaster nursing education and training programs in the past 20 years (2000–2019): A systematic review. Nurse Education Today, 99, 104809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104809
Makwana, N. (2019). Disaster and its impact on mental health: A narrative review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(10), 3090. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_759_19
Maryani, E. (2021). The role of education and geography on disaster preparedness. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 747, p. 012043). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012043
Mulianingsih, F., & Hardati, P. (2022). Can disaster risk education reduce the impact of disasters in schools? Journal of Geography Science and Education, 4(2), 19–23.
Muzamil, S. A. H. B. S., Zainun, N. Y., Ajman, N. N., Sulaiman, N., Khahro, S. H., Rohani, M. M., et al. (2022). Proposed framework for the flood disaster management cycle in Malaysia. Sustainability, 14(7), Article 3863. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073863
Nurdin, N., Rafliana, I., Hidayati, S., Oktari, R. S., & Djalante, R. (2017). Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into school curricula: From national policy to local implementation. In R. Djalante et al. (Eds.), Disaster risk reduction in Indonesia: Progress, challenges, and issues (pp. 213–234). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3_10
Ogie, R. I., Perez, P., Win, K. T., & Michael, K. (2018). Managing hydrological infrastructure assets for improved flood control in coastal mega-cities of developing nations. Urban Climate, 24, 763–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.09.006
Osofsky, H., Osofsky, J., Hansel, T., Lawrason, B., & Speier, A. (2018). Building resilience after disasters through the youth leadership program: The importance of community and academic partnerships on youth outcomes. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action, 12(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2018.0013
Riadi, S., & Erdiyansyah. (2021). Collaborative governance in handling natural and non-natural disasters based on the perspective of public administration: Evidence from Indonesia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.37
Ronan, K. R., Alisic, E., Towers, B., Johnson, V. A., & Johnston, D. M. (2015). Disaster preparedness for children and families: A critical review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17, Article 58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-015-0589-6
Sarker, M. N. I., Peng, Y., Yiran, C., & Shouse, R. C. (2020). Disaster resilience through big data: Way to environmental sustainability. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101769
Save the Children. (2023). Creating lasting change: 2023 Annual Report. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/2023-annual-report-creating-lasting-change/
Selangorkini. (2022). Kejadian banjir catat penurunan pada tahun 2022. https://selangorkini.my/2022/12/kejadian-banjir-catat-penurunan-pada-tahun-2022/
Shah, A. A., Gong, Z., Pal, I., Sun, R., Ullah, W., & Wani, G. F. (2020). Disaster risk management insight on school emergency preparedness: A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101805
Shiwaku, K., Shaw, R., Kandel, R. C., Shrestha, S. N., & Dixit, A. M. (2007). Future perspective of school disaster education in Nepal. Disaster Prevention and Management, 16(4), 576–587. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560710817064
Supriyadi, S., Saputro, N. V., Aji, M. P., & Linuwih, S. (2022). The effectiveness of socialization toward students’ understanding of tectonic activities disaster. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 995, p. 012014). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012014
Tang, K. H. D. (2019). Climate change in Malaysia: Trends, contributors, impacts, mitigation and adaptations. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 1858–1871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.316
Tarmizi, A. H. A., Rahmat, S. N., Karim, A. T. A., & Tukimat, N. N. A. (2019). Climate change and its impact on rainfall. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 11(1), 170–177.
Torani, S., Majd, P., Maroufi, S., Dowlati, M., & Sheikhi, R. (2019). The importance of education on disasters and emergencies: A review article. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, Article 85. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_262_18
UNESCO. (2024). Global education monitoring report 2023, Southeast Asia: Technology in education – A tool on whose terms? (Summary). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387427
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2024). Annual report 2023. https://www.undrr.org/annual-report/2023
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2024). Annual report 2023. https://www.undrr.org/annual-report/2023
Wikipedia. (2023). Banjir Malaysia Mac 2023. https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjir_Malaysia_Mac_2023
Zandalinas, S. I., Fritschi, F. B., & Mittler, R. (2021). Global warming, climate change, and environmental pollution: Recipe for a multifactorial stress combination disaster. Trends in Plant Science, 26, 588–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2021.02.011
Zorn, M. (2018). Natural disasters and less developed countries. In Nature, tourism and ethnicity as drivers of (de)marginalization (pp. 59–78). Springer.
