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Abstract
Background: The HERO (Helping and Empowering Women in Reproductive Choices) program is a community service initiative aimed at enhancing the knowledge of women of reproductive age in Sumbersekar Village, Dau District, Malang Regency. A situational analysis of Midwife Sunarni’s practice revealed significant challenges: a shortage of adequately trained village health cadres to support healthcare professionals in delivering reproductive health education and low community awareness stemming from educational and economic factors. Method: Conducted in September 2024 and through two educational sessions involving village health workers and women of reproductive age, the program provided information on family planning, reproductive health, and preconception nutrition. Participants completed pretests and posttests to assess knowledge improvement before and after the sessions. Result: Results showed a significant increase in the average posttest score (89.80) compared to the pretest score (57.80). The distribution of knowledge levels also indicated a rise in the "high" category from 0% in the pretest to 76% in the posttest. This program successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of education in improving preconception health knowledge among women of reproductive age. Follow-up and monitoring by village health workers are necessary to sustain the knowledge and healthy behaviors promoted by the program. Conclusion: It is important to build on the success of the HERO initiative by implementing ongoing education programs and addressing remaining knowledge gaps.
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© 2022 Oleh authors. Lisensi Jurnal Solma, LPPM-Uhamka, Jakarta. Artikel ini bersifat open access yang didistribusikan di bawah syarat dan ketentuan Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
References
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- Asaolu, O., Alawode, G., Ajike, S., Ogunsanmi, O., Bello, M., Ibitoye, J., Oyeyemi, A., Adeniran, A., Emeka, C., Obembe, O., Ojelade, O., Asaolu, O., Ugwu, A., Obanubi, C., Abubakar, A., Asaolu, A., Asaolu, O., Nalda, N., Amao, A., … Agbede, C. (2023). The The Influence of Peer-Led Health Education Intervention on Medication Adherence Practices Among Youths Living with HIV In Nigeria. Medical Research Archives, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i8.4285
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- Bortolus, R., Oprandi, N. C., Rech Morassutti, F., Marchetto, L., Filippini, F., Agricola, E., Tozzi, A. E., Castellani, C., Lalatta, F., Rusticali, B., & Mastroiacovo, P. (2017). Why women do not ask for information on preconception health? A qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-1198-z
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- Dean, S. V., Lassi, Z. S., Imam, A. M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2014). Preconception care: Closing the gap in the continuum of care to accelerate improvements in maternal, newborn and child health. In Reproductive Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-11-S3-S1
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- Ojukwu, O., Patel, D., Stephenson, J., Howden, B., & Shawe, J. (2016). General practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and views of providing preconception care: a qualitative investigation. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 121(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/03009734.2016.1215853
- Sitaresmi, M. N., Rozanti, N. M., Simangunsong, L. B., & Wahab, A. (2020). Improvement of Parent’s awareness, knowledge, perception, and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination after a structured-educational intervention. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09962-1
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- UNFPA. (2018). One Vision Three Zeros: Annual Data 2018.
- UNFPA. (2022). UNFPA Strategy for Family Planning, 2022-2030: Expanding Choices – Ensuring Rights in a Diverse and Changing World. Laser Focus World, 39(11), 60.
- Walker, R., Quong, S., Olivier, P., Wu, L., Xie, J., & Boyle, J. (2022). Empowerment for Behaviour Change through Social Connections: A Qualitative Exploration of Women’s Preferences in Preconception Health Promotion in the State of Victoria, Australia. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14028-5
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References
AAFP. (2022, September). Preconception Care (Position Paper). American Academy of Family Physician. Diakses pada: https://www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/preconception-care.html
Asaolu, O., Alawode, G., Ajike, S., Ogunsanmi, O., Bello, M., Ibitoye, J., Oyeyemi, A., Adeniran, A., Emeka, C., Obembe, O., Ojelade, O., Asaolu, O., Ugwu, A., Obanubi, C., Abubakar, A., Asaolu, A., Asaolu, O., Nalda, N., Amao, A., … Agbede, C. (2023). The The Influence of Peer-Led Health Education Intervention on Medication Adherence Practices Among Youths Living with HIV In Nigeria. Medical Research Archives, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i8.4285
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Hasil Long Form Sensus Penduduk 2020. In Badan Pusat Statistik. Diakses pada: https://papua.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2018/05/07/336/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-provinsi-papua-tahun-2017.html
Bah, H. T.-, Adeyemo, F. O., & Okonofua, F. E. (2021). Effects of health education on spousal knowledge and participation in birth preparedness in Farafenni Regional Hospital, The Gambia: a randomized trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03605-y
Bortolus, R., Oprandi, N. C., Rech Morassutti, F., Marchetto, L., Filippini, F., Agricola, E., Tozzi, A. E., Castellani, C., Lalatta, F., Rusticali, B., & Mastroiacovo, P. (2017). Why women do not ask for information on preconception health? A qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-1198-z
Cairncross, Z. F., Ravindran, S., Yoganathan, S., Dennis, C. L., Enders, J., Graves, L., Mill, C., Telner, D., & Brown, H. K. (2019). Measurement of Preconception Health Knowledge: A Systematic Review. In American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117119835518
Dean, S. V., Lassi, Z. S., Imam, A. M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2014). Preconception care: Closing the gap in the continuum of care to accelerate improvements in maternal, newborn and child health. In Reproductive Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-11-S3-S1
Government of Indonesia. (2023). Indonesia FP2030 Commitment. 2030 (Family Planning 2030), 1–15. Diakses pada: https://fp2030.org/sites/default/files/Indonesia FP2030 Commitment 2023.01.25.pdf
Gupta, R., Gupta, B. M., & Gupta, A. (2018). Impact of Educational Intervention on the Awareness of Undergraduate Medical Students Towards Teratogenicity: an observational study. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 7(9). https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183500
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2024, January 25). Agar Ibu dan Bayi Selamat. Diakses pada: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/blog/20240125/3944849/agar-ibu-dan-bayi-selamat/#:~:text=Berdasarkan data dari Maternal Perinatal,pada tahun 2023 tercatat 29.945.
Khan, N. N., Boyle, J., Lang, A. Y., & Harrison, C. L. (2019). Preconception health attitudes and behaviours of women: A qualitative investigation. Nutrients, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071490
Kheiri, M., Jeihooni, A. K., Alkamel, A., & Harsini, P. A. (2019). The effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the promotion of cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive behaviors among subjects referred to health centers in fasa city (fars province, iran). Kontakt, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.32725/kont.2019.021
Kurniawati, W., Afiyanti, Y., Nasution, L. A., & Juliastuti, D. (2023). Preconception care knowledge and information delivery modes among adolescent girls and women: a scoping review. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 29(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2023.02.28
Linda, I., Santoso, H., Lubis, Z., & Siregar, M. F. G. (2022). Empowering Village Health Workers to Influence Preconception Behavior and Increase Utilization of Preconception Health Services in the Deli Serdang Regency. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10, 191–197. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8219
Munthali, M., Chiumia, I. K., Mandiwa, C., & Mwale, S. (2021). Knowledge and perceptions of preconception care among health workers and women of reproductive age in Mzuzu City, Malawi: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01282-w
Nascimento, N. de C., Borges, A. L. V., & Fujimori, E. (2019). Preconception health behaviors among women with planned pregnancies. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0620
Ojukwu, O., Patel, D., Stephenson, J., Howden, B., & Shawe, J. (2016). General practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and views of providing preconception care: a qualitative investigation. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 121(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/03009734.2016.1215853
Sitaresmi, M. N., Rozanti, N. M., Simangunsong, L. B., & Wahab, A. (2020). Improvement of Parent’s awareness, knowledge, perception, and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination after a structured-educational intervention. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09962-1
TAMK. (2021). Preconception Health and Care – Handbook for education (J. Tuomi (ed.)). Tampere University of Applied Sciences. Diakses pada: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/504916/PreconNet-5.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Teshome, F., Kebede, Y., Abamecha, F., & Birhanu, Z. (2020). What do Women Know Before Getting Pregnant? Knowledge of Preconception Care and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Mana District, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035937
UNFPA. (2018). One Vision Three Zeros: Annual Data 2018.
UNFPA. (2022). UNFPA Strategy for Family Planning, 2022-2030: Expanding Choices – Ensuring Rights in a Diverse and Changing World. Laser Focus World, 39(11), 60.
Walker, R., Quong, S., Olivier, P., Wu, L., Xie, J., & Boyle, J. (2022). Empowerment for Behaviour Change through Social Connections: A Qualitative Exploration of Women’s Preferences in Preconception Health Promotion in the State of Victoria, Australia. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14028-5
WHO. (2017). Targets of Sustainable Development Goal 3. World Health Organization. Diakses pada: https://www.who.int/europe/about-us/our-work/sustainable-development-goals/targets-of-sustainable-development-goal-3
WHO, & Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/CCP. (2018). Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers.