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Honest errors are a part of science and publishing and require a correction publication when detected. Modifications are needed for errors of fact. Matters of the debate are best handled as letters to the editor, as print or electronic correspondence, or as posts in a journal-sponsored online forum. Updates of previous publications (e.g., an updated systematic review or clinical guideline) are considered a new publication rather than a version of a previously published article.
If a correction is needed, journals should follow these minimum standards:
Pervasive errors can result from a coding problem or a miscalculation and may result in extensive inaccuracies throughout an article. Suppose such errors do not change the direction or significance of the article's results, interpretations, and conclusions. In that case, a correction should be published that follows the minimum standards noted above.
Errors serious enough to invalidate a paper's results and conclusions may require retraction. However, retraction with republication (also referred to as replacement) can be considered in cases where the honest error (e.g., a misclassification or miscalculation) leads to a major change in the direction or significance of the results, interpretations, and conclusions. If the error is unintentional, the underlying science appears valid, and the changed version of the paper survives further review and editorial scrutiny. Retraction with the republication of the changed paper, with an explanation, allows full correction of the scientific literature. In such cases, showing the extent of the changes in supplementary material or an appendix for complete transparency is helpful.
The retraction is a public statement about an earlier statement that will be removed from the journal. The retraction may be initiated by the journal's editors or by the author(s) of the paper. However, since the editors are responsible for the journal's content, they always decide to retract the material. The journal editors may reject publications even if some authors refuse to retract the publication.
Only published items can be retracted. Publications should be retracted as soon as possible when the journal editors are convinced that the publication is seriously flawed and misleading (or is redundant or plagiarized).
Authors sometimes request that articles be retracted when authorship is disputed after publication. Suppose there is no reason to doubt the findings' validity or the data's reliability. In that case, retracting a publication solely for an authorship dispute is not appropriate. In such cases, the journal editor should inform those who are involved in the conflict that s/he cannot adjudicate in such cases, but they may be willing to publish a correction to the author/contributor list if the authors/contributors (or their institutions) provide appropriate proof that such a change is justified.
The retraction has no separate fee. A retracted article is a published article, and consequently "article acceptance fee" will be applied to retracted articles.
Thanks to the important role of editor chiefs in accepting or rejecting an article, there are rare cases of published articles that need a sort of retraction or a disclaimer concerning its content. Such a decision is only made after careful consideration of the individual case and is the result of sound and conscientious evaluation by the Editor in Chief.
Article withdrawal is applied to submitted papers either within the peer review process or accepted for publication that is, for the moment, only available in a pre-publication form (Early Release or Ahead of Print). These sometimes contain errors or are articles that may have already been published and then mistakenly resubmitted for publication elsewhere. In rarer cases, these papers may not observe established ethical requirements, there may be some inconsistency in the declaration of the author's contributions, or data may have been presented, the integrity of which may be in doubt, etc. Articles may also be retracted to allow authors to correct any errors not identified before submission.
Withdrawal is an action that takes the manuscript out of the review process and places it back into the author's dashboard. In General, we do not suggest the article withdrawal since it wastes valuable manuscript processing time, cost, and work spent by the publisher.
Editorial Board
Pendidikan Biologi - UHAMKA
Jl. Tanah Merdeka, Ps. Rebo
Jakarta, Indonesia