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Abstract
The primary aim of this study is to examine the advancement and growth of research on operational hazard in the Islamic and Conventional Financial Industry from 2002 to 2022. The investigators conducted a comprehensive search for pertinent articles in domestic and international journals listed by Google Scholar, Sinta, and Scopus using the Perish/Harzing application with the term "Operational Risk". This procedure resulted in a total of 348 research articles, which were then analyzed descriptively through a review of literature using the VOSviewer application. The findings indicated a significant rise in the number of publications on operational hazard each year. The VOSviewer analysis recognized 9 distinct clusters of research linked to operational hazard. Furthermore, the literature review revealed 11 primary themes that are closely associated with operational hazard in both Islamic and Conventional Financial Institutions.
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