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Abstract
Pemilihan umum presiden merupakan proses demokrasi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia selama lima tahun sekali. Provinsi Jawa Barat yang memiliki jumlah penduduk terbanyak sehingga para calon presiden dan tim suksesnya masing-masing harus serius dalam membuat strategi komunikasi poitiknya dengan tujuan mendapatkan suara dan dukungan terbanyak. Kabupaten Bandung memiliki jumlah pemilih pemula yang banyak menjadi tujuan utama dari strategi komunikasin politik pilpres 2024. Adapun maksud dan tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan strategi komunikasi politik pemilihan presiden pada pemilih pemula. Metode kualitatif memungkinkan peneliti untuk beradaptasi dengan perubahan dan menanggapi temuan yang muncul selama proses penelitian. Ini memungkinkan eksplorasi yang lebih mendalam dan penemuan yang lebih organik. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif sehingga mampu mendeskripsikan tentang wawasan dan pendapat pemilih pemula mengenai pilihannya dengan jumlah responden 43 orang yang tersebar dari 30 Kecamatan. Sebanyak 34 responden dan menjadi mayoritas memiliki respon tanggapan yang positif terkait partisipasi pemilu presiden dengan respon yang sangat atusias, tertarik, peduli, dan mengikuti perkembangan politik yang sedang berlangsung. Sebanyak 9 responden merespon negatif dengan motif kurang peduli, tidak peduli dan tidak tertarik. Kedua seluruh responden sudah yakin dengan pilihannya, mayoritas memilih paslon 02 dan motif pilihannya sangat beragam diantaranya dengan latar belakang militer, ketegasan, popularitas dan gaya berkampanye yang tidak membosankan. Sebagian responden ada yang diperintahkan untuk memilih paslon 02 oleh orang tuanya, namun mayoritas responden memilih atas dasar kemauannya sendiri. Ketiga semua responden menggunakan aplikasi media sosial sebagai referensi utama terkait informasi politik.
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References
- Benford Robert, D., &Snow David, A. (2000). Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 611–639.
- Berelson, B.R., Lazarsfeld, P.F., McPhee, W.N., 1954. Voting: a Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Callaghan, K., & Schnell, F. (2001). Assessing the democratic debate: How the news media frame elite policy discourse. Political Communication, 18, 107–122.
- Deutsch, Karl W. (1963). The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Communication and Control. New York: The Free Press.
- Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
- Fiorina, M.P., 1990. Information and rationality in elections. In: Ferejohn, J.A., Kuklinski, J.H. (Eds.), Information and Democratic Processes. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
- Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1–37.
- Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. New York: Harper & Row.
- Graber, Doris A. 2009. "Mass Media and American Politics." 7th ed., CQ Press.
- Hallahan, K. (1999). Seven models of framing: Implications for public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11(3), 205–242.
- Iqbal, Muhammad. 2004. Modal Sosial Demokratisasi Informasi (Analisis Kritis Ekonomi Politik Kebebasan memperoleh informasi publik). Tesis. Jakarta: Program Pascasarjana, Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, FISIP, Universitas Indonesia.
- Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.
- Katz, E., 1957. The two-step flow of communication: an up-to-date report on a hypothesis. Public Opinion Quarterly 21, 61–78.
- Knight, M. G. (1999). Getting past the impasse: Framing as a tool for public relations. Public Relations Review, 25, 381–398.
- Kunda, Z., 1999. Social cognition: making sense of people. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
- Lodge, M., Taber, C., 2000. Three steps toward a theory of motivated political reasoning. In: Lupia, A., McCubbins, M.D., Popkin, S.L. (Eds.), Elements of Reason: Cognition, Choice, and the Bounds of Rationality. Cambridge University Press, New York.
- Mas’oed, Mochtar dan MacAndrews, Colin. 1981. Perbandingan Sistem Politik. Yogyakarta; Gadjah Mada University Press.
- Moleong, Lexy J. 2004. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Edisi Revisi. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosda Karya
- Nasucha, Muchammad. 2005. Akses informasi politik publik indonesia: perspektif Partai Keadilan Sejahtera. Tesis. Jakarta: Program Pascasarjana, Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, FISIP, Universitas Indonesia.
- Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. M. (2001). Framing as a strategic action in public deliberation. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy Jr., & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life. Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 35–65). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Patton. 2001. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Sage Publication, Inc.
- Reber, B. H., & Berger, B. K. (2005). Framing analysis of activist rhetoric: How the Sierra Club succeeds or fails at creating salient messages. Public Relations Review, 31, 185–195.
- Scheufele, B. (2000). ‘Scattered’ or related – clarifying the framing concept by integrating related approaches? In H.-B. Brosius (Ed.), Kommunikation¨uber Grenzen und Kulturen [Communication across borders and cultural divides] (pp. 381–396). Konstanz: UVK.
- Snow, D. A., & Benford, R. D. (1988). Ideology, frame resonance, and participant mobilization. International Social Movement Research, 1, 197–218.
- Wolfinger, R.E., Rosenstone, S.J., 1980. Who votes? Yale University Press, New Haven.
References
Benford Robert, D., &Snow David, A. (2000). Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 611–639.
Berelson, B.R., Lazarsfeld, P.F., McPhee, W.N., 1954. Voting: a Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Callaghan, K., & Schnell, F. (2001). Assessing the democratic debate: How the news media frame elite policy discourse. Political Communication, 18, 107–122.
Deutsch, Karl W. (1963). The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Communication and Control. New York: The Free Press.
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
Fiorina, M.P., 1990. Information and rationality in elections. In: Ferejohn, J.A., Kuklinski, J.H. (Eds.), Information and Democratic Processes. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1–37.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. New York: Harper & Row.
Graber, Doris A. 2009. "Mass Media and American Politics." 7th ed., CQ Press.
Hallahan, K. (1999). Seven models of framing: Implications for public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11(3), 205–242.
Iqbal, Muhammad. 2004. Modal Sosial Demokratisasi Informasi (Analisis Kritis Ekonomi Politik Kebebasan memperoleh informasi publik). Tesis. Jakarta: Program Pascasarjana, Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, FISIP, Universitas Indonesia.
Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.
Katz, E., 1957. The two-step flow of communication: an up-to-date report on a hypothesis. Public Opinion Quarterly 21, 61–78.
Knight, M. G. (1999). Getting past the impasse: Framing as a tool for public relations. Public Relations Review, 25, 381–398.
Kunda, Z., 1999. Social cognition: making sense of people. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Lodge, M., Taber, C., 2000. Three steps toward a theory of motivated political reasoning. In: Lupia, A., McCubbins, M.D., Popkin, S.L. (Eds.), Elements of Reason: Cognition, Choice, and the Bounds of Rationality. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Mas’oed, Mochtar dan MacAndrews, Colin. 1981. Perbandingan Sistem Politik. Yogyakarta; Gadjah Mada University Press.
Moleong, Lexy J. 2004. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Edisi Revisi. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosda Karya
Nasucha, Muchammad. 2005. Akses informasi politik publik indonesia: perspektif Partai Keadilan Sejahtera. Tesis. Jakarta: Program Pascasarjana, Departemen Ilmu Komunikasi, FISIP, Universitas Indonesia.
Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. M. (2001). Framing as a strategic action in public deliberation. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy Jr., & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life. Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 35–65). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Patton. 2001. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Sage Publication, Inc.
Reber, B. H., & Berger, B. K. (2005). Framing analysis of activist rhetoric: How the Sierra Club succeeds or fails at creating salient messages. Public Relations Review, 31, 185–195.
Scheufele, B. (2000). ‘Scattered’ or related – clarifying the framing concept by integrating related approaches? In H.-B. Brosius (Ed.), Kommunikation¨uber Grenzen und Kulturen [Communication across borders and cultural divides] (pp. 381–396). Konstanz: UVK.
Snow, D. A., & Benford, R. D. (1988). Ideology, frame resonance, and participant mobilization. International Social Movement Research, 1, 197–218.
Wolfinger, R.E., Rosenstone, S.J., 1980. Who votes? Yale University Press, New Haven.