Pemecahan masalah kontekstual: sebuah analisis diferensiasi berdasarkan kemampuan awal matematika siswa
Abstract
Background. Problem-solving skills are necessary for everyone who studies mathematics. Those who study mathematics have encountered problems that are not easy to solve. Therefore, problem-solving skills are needed to resolve such issues. The purpose of this study is to describe problem-solving skills in contextual problems based on students' mathematical abilities. The research method used is qualitative. The research subjects in this study are two students, consisting of one student with high mathematical ability and one with low mathematical ability. The results of the study indicate that subjects with high abilities have good problem-solving skills, as they are able to meet the four indicators of problem-solving. Subjects with low abilities are also able to meet the four indicators of problem-solving. However, the results show that subjects with high abilities have better problem-solving skills than subjects with low abilities because the test results and interviews of subjects with high abilities are clearer and more detailed.
Latar Belakang. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah kontekstual diperlukan oleh setiap orang yang mempelajari matematika. Orang yang belajar matematika pernah mendapatkan suatu masalah yang tidak mudah untuk diselesaikan. Sehingga dibutuhkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah kontekstual berdasarkan kemampuan awal matematika siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 2 siswa. Siswa terdiri dari siswa yang memiliki kemampuan matematika tinggi dan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek berkemampuan tinggi memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang baik dimana siswa mampu memenuhi empat indikator pemecahan masalah. Subjek berkemampuan rendah juga mampu memenuhi empat indikator pemecahan masalah. Namun dari hasil yang diperlihatkan, subjek berkemampuan tinggi memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang lebih baik daripada subjek berkemampuan rendah karena hasil tes dan wawancara subjek berkemampuan tinggi lebih jelas dan terperinci.
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References
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Annizar, A. M., & Kumala, D. F. (2023). Analysis of student problem-solving errors based on Newman's theory in terms of learning interest and gender. Alifmatika: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Matematika, 5(1), 40-56. https://doi.org/10.35316/alifmatika.2023.v5i1.40-56
Crossref
Apriyani, R., Ramalis, T. R., & Suwarma, I. R. (2019). Analyzing Student's Problem Solving Abilities of Direct Current Electricity in STEM-based Learning. Journal of Science Learning, 2(3), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v2i3.17559
Crossref
Asare, B., Dissou Arthur, Y., & Adu Obeng, B. (2025). Mathematics self-belief and mathematical creativity of university students: the role of problem-solving skills. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2456438
Crossref
Boonen, A. J. H., Van Wesel, F., Jolles, J., & Van der Schoot, M. (2014). The role of visual representation type, spatial ability, and reading comprehension in word problem solving: An item-level analysis in elementary school children. International Journal of Educational Research, 68, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2014.08.001
Crossref
Chinofunga, M. D., Chigeza, P., & Taylor, S. (2025). How can procedural flowcharts support the development of mathematics problem-solving skills? In Mathematics Education Research Journal (Vol. 37, Nomor 1). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-024-00483-3
Crossref
Cresswel. (2013). Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed. Pustaka Pelajar.
Darmayanti, S., Shanty, Y. L., & Angraini, L. M. (2024). Analysis of High School Students' Errors in Solving Story Problems on Systems of Linear Equations with Three Variables. International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematics Education, 2(2), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.56855/ijmme.v2i2.1023
Crossref
Fitrieyah, Imamah Dien dan Anouar Ben Mabrouk. 2022. Analysis of Student's Difficulty in Solving Mathematical Problems in Linear Programs. Journal of Teaching and Learning Mathematics, 2 (1), 37-43.
Crossref
Fuchs, L. S., Gilbert, J. K., Fuchs, D., Seethaler, P. M., & N. Martin, B. (2018). Text Comprehension and Oral Language as Predictors of Word-Problem Solving: Insights into Word-Problem Solving as a Form of Text Comprehension. Scientific Studies of Reading, 22(2), 152-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2017.1398259
Crossref
Gunbas, N., & Kinzer, C. K. (2025). Supporting Students' Mathematics Word-Problem Solving Achievement within a Computer Story Context: High and Low Readers. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 1-27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2025.2454612
Crossref
Halawati, F., & Laelasari, D. (2022). Mathematics communication ability in mathematics learning. International Conference on Islamic Studies, 3(1), 72-81.
Hasanah, S. I., Tafrilyanto, C. F., & Aini, Y. (2019). Mathematical Reasoning: The characteristics of students' mathematical abilities in problem solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1188(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1188/1/012057
Crossref
Himmah, Wulan Izzatul, Rochmad dan Isnarto. 2022. Problem-Solving in Mathematics Education. The 2nd International Conference of Humanities ans Social Science, Vol. 2, pp. 742-750.
Krawec, Jennifer L. (2012). Problem Representation and Mathematical Problem Solving of Students of Varying Math Ability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 47(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219412436976
Crossref
Kusumadewi, C. A., & Retnawati, H. (2020). Identification of elementary school students' difficulties in mathematical problem-solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1511(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012031
Crossref
Lee, Y. J. (2025). The effects of functional moves in teacher questioning on students' contextualization of mathematical word problem solving. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 28(1), 73-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-023-09616-0
Crossref
Morton, K., & Qu, Y. (2013). A Novel Framework for Math Word Problem Solving. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 3(1), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijiet.2013.v3.240
Crossref
Muhammad, I., & Angraini, L. M. (2023). Research on Students' Mathematical Ability in Learning Mathematics in the Last Decade: a Bibliometric Review. JOHME: Journal of Holistic Mathematics Education, 7(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.19166/johme.v7i1.6867
Crossref
Netriwati, N. (2016). Analisis Kemampuan Mahasiswa dalam Pemecahkan Masalah Matematis menurut Teori Polya. Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 7(2), 181-190. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v7i2.32
Crossref
Nurfadilah, I., Nindiasari, H., & Fatah, A. (2021). Problem-Solving Ability Based on Students' Mathematical Initial Ability. Prima: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 5(1), 35-46.https://doi.org/10.31000/prima.v5i1.3166
Crossref
Nurjanah, P., & Angraini, L. M. (2024). Analysis of Students' Mathematical Problem-Solving in Translating Story Problems into Mathematical Models. Progressive of Cognitive and Ability, 3(4), 230-250. https://doi.org/10.56855/jpr.v3i4.1105
Crossref
Pongsakdi, N., Kajamies, A., Veermans, K., Lertola, K., Vauras, M., & Lehtinen, E. (2020). What makes mathematical word problem solving challenging? Exploring the roles of word problem characteristics, text comprehension, and arithmetic skills. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 52(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-019-01118-9
Crossref
Serrano, Y. S., & Ruiz, R. M. (2023). Problem solving in Technical and Vocational Education: a student's view. Mendive. Revista de Educación, 21(3), e3317. https://mendive.upr.edu.cu/index.php/MendiveUPR/article/view/3317
Sinaga, Bornok, Jonni Sitorus, dan Tiurmaida Situmeang. 2023. The influence of students' problem-solving understanding and results of students' mathematics learning. Frontiers in Education, Vol. 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1088556
Crossref
Siniguian, M. T. (2017). STUDENTS DIFFICULTY IN SOLVING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(2), 1-12.
Susanto, D., Risnita, & Jailani, M. S. (2023). Teknik Pemeriksaan Keabsahan Data Dalam Penelitian Ilmiah. Jurnal QOSIM Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Humaniora, 1(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61104/jq.v1i1.60
Crossref
Suseelan, M., Chew, C. M., & Chin, H. (2022). Research on Mathematics Problem Solving in Elementary Education Conducted from 1969 to 2021: A Bibliometric Review. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 10(4), 1003-1029. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.2198
Crossref
Szabo, Z. K., Körtesi, P., Guncaga, J., Szabo, D., & Neag, R. (2020). Examples of problem-solving strategies in mathematics education supporting the sustainability of 21st-century skills. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(23), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310113
Crossref
Tarhan, V. (2015). Teachers' Beliefs about Mathematical Problem Solving. International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.17278/ijesim.2015.01.004
Crossref
Van der Ven, S. H. G., Prast, E. J., & Van de Weijer-Bergsma, E. (2023). Towards an Integrative Model of Math Cognition: Interactions between Working Memory and Emotions in Explaining Children's Math Performance. Journal of Intelligence, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11070136
Crossref
Vessonen, T., Hellstrand, H., Kurkela, M., Aunio, P., & Laine, A. (2025). The effectiveness of mathematical word problem-solving interventions among elementary schoolers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Educational Research, 132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102642
Crossref
Yayuk, E., Suwandayani, B. I., Rosyadi, A. A. P., Ekowati, D. W., & Ismail, A. D. (2024). Effectiveness of using a bar model in solving story problems for elementary school students. Research and Development in Education (RaDEn), 4(2), 804-815. https://doi.org/10.22219/raden.v4i2.35295
Crossref
Crossref
Abidin, Zaenal dan Fauziah Sulaiman. 2024. The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning on Students' Ability to Think Critically. ZIJEd: Zabags International Journal of Education, 2 (1), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.61233/zijed.v2i1.13
Crossref
Amdani, D., Pujiastuti, H., & Fathurohman, M. (2023). Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Ditinjau dari Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan Strategi Konflik Kognitif. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(6), 3939-3944. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i6.2114
Crossref
Annizar, A. M., & Kumala, D. F. (2023). Analysis of student problem-solving errors based on Newman's theory in terms of learning interest and gender. Alifmatika: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Matematika, 5(1), 40-56. https://doi.org/10.35316/alifmatika.2023.v5i1.40-56
Crossref
Apriyani, R., Ramalis, T. R., & Suwarma, I. R. (2019). Analyzing Student's Problem Solving Abilities of Direct Current Electricity in STEM-based Learning. Journal of Science Learning, 2(3), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v2i3.17559
Crossref
Asare, B., Dissou Arthur, Y., & Adu Obeng, B. (2025). Mathematics self-belief and mathematical creativity of university students: the role of problem-solving skills. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2456438
Crossref
Boonen, A. J. H., Van Wesel, F., Jolles, J., & Van der Schoot, M. (2014). The role of visual representation type, spatial ability, and reading comprehension in word problem solving: An item-level analysis in elementary school children. International Journal of Educational Research, 68, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2014.08.001
Crossref
Chinofunga, M. D., Chigeza, P., & Taylor, S. (2025). How can procedural flowcharts support the development of mathematics problem-solving skills? In Mathematics Education Research Journal (Vol. 37, Nomor 1). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-024-00483-3
Crossref
Cresswel. (2013). Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed. Pustaka Pelajar.
Darmayanti, S., Shanty, Y. L., & Angraini, L. M. (2024). Analysis of High School Students' Errors in Solving Story Problems on Systems of Linear Equations with Three Variables. International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematics Education, 2(2), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.56855/ijmme.v2i2.1023
Crossref
Fitrieyah, Imamah Dien dan Anouar Ben Mabrouk. 2022. Analysis of Student's Difficulty in Solving Mathematical Problems in Linear Programs. Journal of Teaching and Learning Mathematics, 2 (1), 37-43.
Crossref
Fuchs, L. S., Gilbert, J. K., Fuchs, D., Seethaler, P. M., & N. Martin, B. (2018). Text Comprehension and Oral Language as Predictors of Word-Problem Solving: Insights into Word-Problem Solving as a Form of Text Comprehension. Scientific Studies of Reading, 22(2), 152-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2017.1398259
Crossref
Gunbas, N., & Kinzer, C. K. (2025). Supporting Students' Mathematics Word-Problem Solving Achievement within a Computer Story Context: High and Low Readers. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 1-27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2025.2454612
Crossref
Halawati, F., & Laelasari, D. (2022). Mathematics communication ability in mathematics learning. International Conference on Islamic Studies, 3(1), 72-81.
Hasanah, S. I., Tafrilyanto, C. F., & Aini, Y. (2019). Mathematical Reasoning: The characteristics of students' mathematical abilities in problem solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1188(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1188/1/012057
Crossref
Himmah, Wulan Izzatul, Rochmad dan Isnarto. 2022. Problem-Solving in Mathematics Education. The 2nd International Conference of Humanities ans Social Science, Vol. 2, pp. 742-750.
Krawec, Jennifer L. (2012). Problem Representation and Mathematical Problem Solving of Students of Varying Math Ability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 47(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219412436976
Crossref
Kusumadewi, C. A., & Retnawati, H. (2020). Identification of elementary school students' difficulties in mathematical problem-solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1511(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012031
Crossref
Lee, Y. J. (2025). The effects of functional moves in teacher questioning on students' contextualization of mathematical word problem solving. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 28(1), 73-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-023-09616-0
Crossref
Morton, K., & Qu, Y. (2013). A Novel Framework for Math Word Problem Solving. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 3(1), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijiet.2013.v3.240
Crossref
Muhammad, I., & Angraini, L. M. (2023). Research on Students' Mathematical Ability in Learning Mathematics in the Last Decade: a Bibliometric Review. JOHME: Journal of Holistic Mathematics Education, 7(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.19166/johme.v7i1.6867
Crossref
Netriwati, N. (2016). Analisis Kemampuan Mahasiswa dalam Pemecahkan Masalah Matematis menurut Teori Polya. Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 7(2), 181-190. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v7i2.32
Crossref
Nurfadilah, I., Nindiasari, H., & Fatah, A. (2021). Problem-Solving Ability Based on Students' Mathematical Initial Ability. Prima: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 5(1), 35-46.https://doi.org/10.31000/prima.v5i1.3166
Crossref
Nurjanah, P., & Angraini, L. M. (2024). Analysis of Students' Mathematical Problem-Solving in Translating Story Problems into Mathematical Models. Progressive of Cognitive and Ability, 3(4), 230-250. https://doi.org/10.56855/jpr.v3i4.1105
Crossref
Pongsakdi, N., Kajamies, A., Veermans, K., Lertola, K., Vauras, M., & Lehtinen, E. (2020). What makes mathematical word problem solving challenging? Exploring the roles of word problem characteristics, text comprehension, and arithmetic skills. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 52(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-019-01118-9
Crossref
Serrano, Y. S., & Ruiz, R. M. (2023). Problem solving in Technical and Vocational Education: a student's view. Mendive. Revista de Educación, 21(3), e3317. https://mendive.upr.edu.cu/index.php/MendiveUPR/article/view/3317
Sinaga, Bornok, Jonni Sitorus, dan Tiurmaida Situmeang. 2023. The influence of students' problem-solving understanding and results of students' mathematics learning. Frontiers in Education, Vol. 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1088556
Crossref
Siniguian, M. T. (2017). STUDENTS DIFFICULTY IN SOLVING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(2), 1-12.
Susanto, D., Risnita, & Jailani, M. S. (2023). Teknik Pemeriksaan Keabsahan Data Dalam Penelitian Ilmiah. Jurnal QOSIM Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Humaniora, 1(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61104/jq.v1i1.60
Crossref
Suseelan, M., Chew, C. M., & Chin, H. (2022). Research on Mathematics Problem Solving in Elementary Education Conducted from 1969 to 2021: A Bibliometric Review. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 10(4), 1003-1029. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.2198
Crossref
Szabo, Z. K., Körtesi, P., Guncaga, J., Szabo, D., & Neag, R. (2020). Examples of problem-solving strategies in mathematics education supporting the sustainability of 21st-century skills. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(23), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310113
Crossref
Tarhan, V. (2015). Teachers' Beliefs about Mathematical Problem Solving. International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.17278/ijesim.2015.01.004
Crossref
Van der Ven, S. H. G., Prast, E. J., & Van de Weijer-Bergsma, E. (2023). Towards an Integrative Model of Math Cognition: Interactions between Working Memory and Emotions in Explaining Children's Math Performance. Journal of Intelligence, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11070136
Crossref
Vessonen, T., Hellstrand, H., Kurkela, M., Aunio, P., & Laine, A. (2025). The effectiveness of mathematical word problem-solving interventions among elementary schoolers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Educational Research, 132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102642
Crossref
Yayuk, E., Suwandayani, B. I., Rosyadi, A. A. P., Ekowati, D. W., & Ismail, A. D. (2024). Effectiveness of using a bar model in solving story problems for elementary school students. Research and Development in Education (RaDEn), 4(2), 804-815. https://doi.org/10.22219/raden.v4i2.35295
Crossref
Authors
Napfiah, S., Katupu, P., & Purnomo, H. (2025). Pemecahan masalah kontekstual: sebuah analisis diferensiasi berdasarkan kemampuan awal matematika siswa . International Journal of Progressive Mathematics Education, 5(2), 410–426. https://doi.org/10.22236/ijopme.v5i2.20396
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