Melampaui rumus: analisis kesiapan kognitif siswa dalam menghadapi soal literasi matematis tipe PISA
Abstract
This study analyzes the mathematical literacy level of junior high school students based on Bloom's Taxonomy cognitive levels, motivated by the low achievement of Indonesian students in PISA 2023. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the study involved 30 seventh-grade students of SMPIT Al-Arobi through essay tests and structured interviews. The results showed 43% of students at the low level (D), 7% at very low (E), and only 20% reached the excellent level (A). In-depth analysis of three subjects (BL, AAB, FT) revealed disparities in ability: BL (level C5-C6) is capable of complex analysis and mathematical modeling, while AAB (C3) and FT (C1-C2) are limited to procedural applications and basic understanding. These findings confirm that the procedural learning approach and the lack of contextual problem practice are the main inhibiting factors. This study provides an important contribution in the development of complex problem-based mathematics learning models to improve students' Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS).
Penelitian ini menganalisis tingkat literasi matematis siswa SMP berdasarkan level kognitif Taksonomi Bloom, dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya capaian siswa Indonesia dalam PISA 2023. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian melibatkan 30 siswa kelas VII SMPIT Al-Arobi melalui tes esai dan wawancara terstruktur. Hasil menunjukkan 43% siswa pada level rendah (D), 7% sangat rendah (E), dan hanya 20% mencapai level sangat baik (A). Analisis mendalam terhadap tiga subjek (BL, AAB, FT) mengungkap disparitas kemampuan: BL (level C5-C6) mampu analisis kompleks dan pemodelan matematis, sementara AAB (C3) dan FT (C1-C2) terbatas pada aplikasi prosedural dan pemahaman dasar. Temuan ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran prosedural dan kurangnya latihan soal kontekstual menjadi faktor penghambat utama. Penelitian memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan model pembelajaran matematika berbasis masalah kompleks untuk meningkatkan Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) siswa.
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References
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Barkai, R., Levenson, E. S., & Guez, L. (2025). Adults ' designs of counting activities to implement with young children. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-025-10439-4
Crossref
Bhowmick, A., van der Zande, M. M., & Harris, R. (2025). Knowledge-seeking and knowledge sharing of health services across social networks and communities: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12525-y
Crossref
Bintoro, H. S., Walid, & Mulyono. (2021). The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theor. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(4), 1807-1823.
Crossref
Desrina Hardianti, & Dwi Desmayanasari. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa dalam Online Learning pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Inomatika, 4(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.35438/inomatika.v4i1.316
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Fadillah, Z. I. (2024). Pentingnya Pendidikan STEM ( Sains , Teknologi , Rekayasa , dan. Journal Sains and Education, 2(1), 1-8.
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Crossref
Firmansyah, D., & Dede. (2022). Teknik Pengambilan Sampel Umum dalam Metodologi Penelitian: Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Holistik (JIPH), 1(2), 85-114. https://doi.org/10.55927/jiph.v1i2.937
Crossref
Gagliani Caputo, S., Branchetti, L., & Cusi, A. (2025). Intertwining students' social modes of co-construction and epistemic aspects of algebraic thinking in asynchronous mathematical discussions. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-025-10395-z
Crossref
Gurmu, F., Tuge, C., & Hunde, A. B. (2024). Effects of GeoGebra-assisted instructional methods on students' conceptual understanding of geometry. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2379745
Crossref
Halimah, H., Untu, Z., & Suriaty, S. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Taksonomi Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO). Primatika : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.30872/primatika.v9i1.245
Crossref
Iswara, H. S., Ahmadi, F., & Ary, D. Da. (2022). Numeracy Literacy Skills of Elementary School Students through Ethnomathematics-Based Problem Solving. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(2), 1604-1616. https://doi.org/10.55324/iss.v2i2.316
Crossref
Jihan, J. R., & Hendriana, B. (2023). Application of ADDIE Learning Model Assisted by Desmos Application to Improve Ability to Understand Mathematical Concepts. JTMT: Journal Tadris Matematika, 4(02), 181-189. https://doi.org/10.47435/jtmt.v4i02.2043
Crossref
Kajori, F. I., & Hendriana, B. (2023). Improving Students' Mathematical Communication Ability Through Problem-Based Learning Assisted By Baamboozle. Mathline : Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 8(3), 893-904. https://doi.org/10.31943/mathline.v8i3.467
Crossref
Krawitz, J., Schukajlow, S., Yang, X., & Geiger, V. (2025). A Systematic Review of International Perspectives on Mathematical Modelling: Modelling Goals and Task Characteristics. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 193-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01683-2
Crossref
Liebendörfer, M., Kempen, L., & Schukajlow, S. (2023). First-year university students' self-regulated learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative longitudinal study. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 55(1), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-022-01444-5
Crossref
Masfufah, R., & Afriansyah, E. A. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa melalui Soal PISA. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(2), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v10i2.662
Crossref
Masfufah, R., & Afriansyah, E. A. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar Siswa Smp Pada Pembelajaran Daring. PERISAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Riset Ilmu Sains, 1(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.32672/perisai.v1i1.52
Crossref
Mejía-Rodríguez, A. M., Luyten, H., & Meelissen, M. R. M. (2020). Gender Differences in Mathematics Self-concept Across the World: an Exploration of Student and Parent Data of TIMSS 2015. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-020-10100-x
Crossref
Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Foy, P., Kelly, D. L., & Fishbein, B. (2019). HIGHLIGHTS TIMSS 2019: International Results in Maths and Science. 32.
Nabilah, F., & Wardono. (2021). Kemampuan literasi matematis dengan higher order thinking pada pembelajaran CIRC bernuansa SPUR berbantuan google classroom. PRISMA, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika, 4, 200-207.
Nafiati, D. A. (2021). Revisi taksonomi Bloom: Kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Humanika, 21(2), 151-172. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i2.29252
Crossref
OECD. (2023). Pisa 2022 Results. In Factsheets: Vol. I.
Pepin, B., Kohanová, I., & Lada, M. (2025). Developing Pre-Service Teachers' Capacity for Lesson Planning with the Support of Curriculum Resources. ZDM - Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01685-0
Crossref
PISA. (2023). PISA 2022 Results Factsheets Indonesia. Oecd, 1, 1-9.
Purwanto, A. J. (2021). Pemahaman Siswa Kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Pujer dalam Menyelesaikan Soal AKM Numerasi. Journal of Mathematics Education and Learning, 1(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.19184/jomeal.v1i2.24272
Crossref
Puspa, R., Fitriyanto, A., & Fathoni, A. (2022). Profil Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Pada Materi Penjumlahan Dan Pengurangan Berdasarkan Kemampuan Matematis Siswa Profil Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas 1 Pada Materi Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Berdasarkan Kemampuan Matematis. 8435.
Crossref
Rabiudin, Agnesa, O. S., Afifi, E. H. N., & Rahmadana, A. (2023). Pelatihan Pembelajaran Literasi Sains Menggunakan Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Sebagai Penyesuaian Terhadap Instrumen Assesmen Kompetensi Madrasah. I-Com: Indonesian Community Journal, 3(1), 88-102. https://doi.org/10.33379/icom.v3i1.2121
Crossref
Resiyana, K., & Hendriana, B. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis pada Pembelajaran Daring Ditinjau dari Kepercayaan Diri Peserta Didik. Jurnal Education and Development, 9(3), 163-169.
Saparwadi, L., los Santos, M. C. de, & Soberano, L. (2025). Etnomatematika: Arsitektur Masjid Raden Anji Ma'ra Sebagai Media Pembelajaran. International Journal of Progressive Mathematics Education, 5(1), 38-54. https://doi.org/10.22236/ijopme.v5i1.18633
Crossref
Shimizu, Y., & Kang, H. (2025). Research on classroom practice and students' errors in mathematics education: a scoping review of recent developments for 2018-2023. ZDM - Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01704-0
Crossref
Shofiyah, & Hendriana, B. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Peserta Didik Pada Pembelajaran Dalam Jaringan (Daring) Secara Synchronous. Online) Journal of Educational and Language Research, 1(5), 2807-2937.
Tabun, H. M., Taneo, P. N. L., & Daniel, F. (2020). Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa pada Pembelajaran Model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Edumatica : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(01), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v10i01.8796
Crossref
Tamami, M., Santi, V. M., & Aziz, T. A. (2023). Pengembangan Buku Ajar Matematika dengan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) pada Materi Statistika untuk Siswa Kelas XI SMK Bisnis dan Manajemen. International Journal of Progressive Mathematics Education, 3(1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.22236/ijopme.v3i1.7620
Crossref
Tambunan, S. N. B., & Yang, K. L. (2022). Indonesian mathematics teachers' conceptions on values of the relationship between mathematics and STEM education. Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2107303
Crossref
Yimam, M., & Dagnew Kelkay, A. (2022). Evaluation of the effects of discourse-based mathematics instruction on eleventh grade students' conceptual and procedural understanding of probability and statistics. Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.2007742
Crossref
Yustinaningrum, B. (2021). Deskripsi Kemampuan Literasi Numerasi Siswa Menggunakan Polya Ditinjau Dari Gender. Jurnal Sinektik, 4(2), 129-141. https://doi.org/10.33061/js.v4i2.6174
Crossref
Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Sun, X., & Kaiser, G. (2023). The reciprocal relationship among Chinese senior secondary students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and cognitive engagement in learning mathematics: a three-wave longitudinal study. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 55(2), 399-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-022-01465-0
Crossref
Crossref
Andono, J., Nugroho, B. P., & Handayani, R. (2022). Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Dalam Mata Pelajaran Matematika Pada Materi Program Linear Kelas X SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kotabumi. International Journal of Progressive Mathematics Education, 2(2), 74-83. https://doi.org/10.22236/ijopme.v2i2.8900
Crossref
Aristiyanto, R., Gunawan, M. A., Khoirunnisa, E., Warpaatun, W., Arif, S., Hantoro, N., Sufia, N. V., & Rizkiana, Y. (2023). The Effectiveness of Contextual Numeracy Learning Innovation In Enhancing Understanding of Basic Mathematical Operations. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran (JRPP), 6(4), 1183-1188.
Barkai, R., Levenson, E. S., & Guez, L. (2025). Adults ' designs of counting activities to implement with young children. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-025-10439-4
Crossref
Bhowmick, A., van der Zande, M. M., & Harris, R. (2025). Knowledge-seeking and knowledge sharing of health services across social networks and communities: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12525-y
Crossref
Bintoro, H. S., Walid, & Mulyono. (2021). The Spatial Thinking Process of the Field-Independent Students based on Action-Process-Object-Schema Theor. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(4), 1807-1823.
Crossref
Desrina Hardianti, & Dwi Desmayanasari. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa dalam Online Learning pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Inomatika, 4(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.35438/inomatika.v4i1.316
Crossref
Fadillah, Z. I. (2024). Pentingnya Pendidikan STEM ( Sains , Teknologi , Rekayasa , dan. Journal Sains and Education, 2(1), 1-8.
Fan, L., Luo, J., Xie, S., Zhu, F., & Li, S. (2022). Chinese students' access, use and perceptions of ICTs in learning mathematics: findings from an investigation of Shanghai secondary schools. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 54(3), 611-624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-022-01363-5
Crossref
Firmansyah, D., & Dede. (2022). Teknik Pengambilan Sampel Umum dalam Metodologi Penelitian: Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Holistik (JIPH), 1(2), 85-114. https://doi.org/10.55927/jiph.v1i2.937
Crossref
Gagliani Caputo, S., Branchetti, L., & Cusi, A. (2025). Intertwining students' social modes of co-construction and epistemic aspects of algebraic thinking in asynchronous mathematical discussions. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-025-10395-z
Crossref
Gurmu, F., Tuge, C., & Hunde, A. B. (2024). Effects of GeoGebra-assisted instructional methods on students' conceptual understanding of geometry. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2379745
Crossref
Halimah, H., Untu, Z., & Suriaty, S. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Taksonomi Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO). Primatika : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.30872/primatika.v9i1.245
Crossref
Iswara, H. S., Ahmadi, F., & Ary, D. Da. (2022). Numeracy Literacy Skills of Elementary School Students through Ethnomathematics-Based Problem Solving. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(2), 1604-1616. https://doi.org/10.55324/iss.v2i2.316
Crossref
Jihan, J. R., & Hendriana, B. (2023). Application of ADDIE Learning Model Assisted by Desmos Application to Improve Ability to Understand Mathematical Concepts. JTMT: Journal Tadris Matematika, 4(02), 181-189. https://doi.org/10.47435/jtmt.v4i02.2043
Crossref
Kajori, F. I., & Hendriana, B. (2023). Improving Students' Mathematical Communication Ability Through Problem-Based Learning Assisted By Baamboozle. Mathline : Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 8(3), 893-904. https://doi.org/10.31943/mathline.v8i3.467
Crossref
Krawitz, J., Schukajlow, S., Yang, X., & Geiger, V. (2025). A Systematic Review of International Perspectives on Mathematical Modelling: Modelling Goals and Task Characteristics. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 193-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01683-2
Crossref
Liebendörfer, M., Kempen, L., & Schukajlow, S. (2023). First-year university students' self-regulated learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative longitudinal study. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 55(1), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-022-01444-5
Crossref
Masfufah, R., & Afriansyah, E. A. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa melalui Soal PISA. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(2), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v10i2.662
Crossref
Masfufah, R., & Afriansyah, E. A. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar Siswa Smp Pada Pembelajaran Daring. PERISAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Riset Ilmu Sains, 1(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.32672/perisai.v1i1.52
Crossref
Mejía-Rodríguez, A. M., Luyten, H., & Meelissen, M. R. M. (2020). Gender Differences in Mathematics Self-concept Across the World: an Exploration of Student and Parent Data of TIMSS 2015. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-020-10100-x
Crossref
Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Foy, P., Kelly, D. L., & Fishbein, B. (2019). HIGHLIGHTS TIMSS 2019: International Results in Maths and Science. 32.
Nabilah, F., & Wardono. (2021). Kemampuan literasi matematis dengan higher order thinking pada pembelajaran CIRC bernuansa SPUR berbantuan google classroom. PRISMA, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika, 4, 200-207.
Nafiati, D. A. (2021). Revisi taksonomi Bloom: Kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Humanika, 21(2), 151-172. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i2.29252
Crossref
OECD. (2023). Pisa 2022 Results. In Factsheets: Vol. I.
Pepin, B., Kohanová, I., & Lada, M. (2025). Developing Pre-Service Teachers' Capacity for Lesson Planning with the Support of Curriculum Resources. ZDM - Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01685-0
Crossref
PISA. (2023). PISA 2022 Results Factsheets Indonesia. Oecd, 1, 1-9.
Purwanto, A. J. (2021). Pemahaman Siswa Kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Pujer dalam Menyelesaikan Soal AKM Numerasi. Journal of Mathematics Education and Learning, 1(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.19184/jomeal.v1i2.24272
Crossref
Puspa, R., Fitriyanto, A., & Fathoni, A. (2022). Profil Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Pada Materi Penjumlahan Dan Pengurangan Berdasarkan Kemampuan Matematis Siswa Profil Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas 1 Pada Materi Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Berdasarkan Kemampuan Matematis. 8435.
Crossref
Rabiudin, Agnesa, O. S., Afifi, E. H. N., & Rahmadana, A. (2023). Pelatihan Pembelajaran Literasi Sains Menggunakan Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Sebagai Penyesuaian Terhadap Instrumen Assesmen Kompetensi Madrasah. I-Com: Indonesian Community Journal, 3(1), 88-102. https://doi.org/10.33379/icom.v3i1.2121
Crossref
Resiyana, K., & Hendriana, B. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis pada Pembelajaran Daring Ditinjau dari Kepercayaan Diri Peserta Didik. Jurnal Education and Development, 9(3), 163-169.
Saparwadi, L., los Santos, M. C. de, & Soberano, L. (2025). Etnomatematika: Arsitektur Masjid Raden Anji Ma'ra Sebagai Media Pembelajaran. International Journal of Progressive Mathematics Education, 5(1), 38-54. https://doi.org/10.22236/ijopme.v5i1.18633
Crossref
Shimizu, Y., & Kang, H. (2025). Research on classroom practice and students' errors in mathematics education: a scoping review of recent developments for 2018-2023. ZDM - Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01704-0
Crossref
Shofiyah, & Hendriana, B. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Peserta Didik Pada Pembelajaran Dalam Jaringan (Daring) Secara Synchronous. Online) Journal of Educational and Language Research, 1(5), 2807-2937.
Tabun, H. M., Taneo, P. N. L., & Daniel, F. (2020). Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa pada Pembelajaran Model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Edumatica : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(01), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v10i01.8796
Crossref
Tamami, M., Santi, V. M., & Aziz, T. A. (2023). Pengembangan Buku Ajar Matematika dengan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) pada Materi Statistika untuk Siswa Kelas XI SMK Bisnis dan Manajemen. International Journal of Progressive Mathematics Education, 3(1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.22236/ijopme.v3i1.7620
Crossref
Tambunan, S. N. B., & Yang, K. L. (2022). Indonesian mathematics teachers' conceptions on values of the relationship between mathematics and STEM education. Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2107303
Crossref
Yimam, M., & Dagnew Kelkay, A. (2022). Evaluation of the effects of discourse-based mathematics instruction on eleventh grade students' conceptual and procedural understanding of probability and statistics. Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.2007742
Crossref
Yustinaningrum, B. (2021). Deskripsi Kemampuan Literasi Numerasi Siswa Menggunakan Polya Ditinjau Dari Gender. Jurnal Sinektik, 4(2), 129-141. https://doi.org/10.33061/js.v4i2.6174
Crossref
Zhang, Y., Yang, X., Sun, X., & Kaiser, G. (2023). The reciprocal relationship among Chinese senior secondary students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and cognitive engagement in learning mathematics: a three-wave longitudinal study. ZDM - Mathematics Education, 55(2), 399-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-022-01465-0
Crossref
Authors
Nurjanah, I., Hendriana, B., & Slamet. (2025). Melampaui rumus: analisis kesiapan kognitif siswa dalam menghadapi soal literasi matematis tipe PISA. International Journal of Progressive Mathematics Education, 5(2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.22236/ijopme.v5i2.19598
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