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February 13, 2022
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February 22, 2022
Published
February 28, 2022
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Abstract

Nyeri merupakan gejala yang sering dikeluhkan masyarakat, Di Indonesia sendiri nyeri kronik adalah alasan paling umum pasien untuk berkunjung ke klinik rawat jalan. Nyeri kronik merujuk pada nyeri yang berkelanjutan lebih dari tiga bulan. Penyebab nyeri kronik tersering adalah nyeri punggung bawah kronik, diikuti oleh nyeri leher kronik, migrain, osteoartritis, gangguan muskuloskeletal lainnya, nyeri kepala akibat penggunaan obat yang berlebihan, dan polineuropati diabetikum


Prevalensi nyeri kronik meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Nyeri kronik merupakan masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia, mempengaruhi 19% orang dewasa Eropa dan 20,4% di Amerika Serikat. 


Keluhan subjektif pasien nyeri kronik dari berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nyeri kronik dikaitkan dengan defisit kognitif. Pada pasien nyeri kronik terjadi interaksi antara nyeri dan fungsi kognitif secara lebih kompleks. Hal ini menyebabkan gangguan fungsi otak yang berkembang mengikuti progresi dari nyeri kronik. Pada nyeri kronik dijumpai aktifitas neuron yang berlebihan, disfungsi jaringan dan pengurangan volume grey matter. Kehilangan grey matter dijumpai dalam amigdala, korteks entorinal girus hipokampus, girus singulata anterior, thalamus dan insula.


Hubungan antara nyeri kronik dan penurunan fungsi kognitif selayaknya diperhatikan lebih lanjut dikarenakan memiliki implikasi terhadap fungsi dan kualitas hidup individu. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan hasil hubungan signifikan terbalik penurunan dari atensi, memori, proses informasi dan fungsi eksekutif pada pasien dengan nyeri kronik.

Keywords

Nyeri kronik Fungsi kognitif Grey Matter

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How to Cite
Fahreza Arraisyi, & Imran, Y. (2022). Pengaruh Nyeri Kronik dalam Penurunan Fungsi kognitif. Sanus Medical Journal, 4(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.22236/sanus.v4i1.8525
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