Intensitas Perluasan Lahan Terbangun Pada Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Kota Depok Tahun 1999 – 2022: Dari Awal Terbentuknya Kota Depok Sampai Tahun 2022
Abstract
Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk akan menyebabkan konversi suatu lahan menjadi lahan terbangun demi memenuhi kebutuhannya. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadi pergeseran sifat pedesaan menjadi sifat perkotaan di suatu wilayah. Kota Depok yang juga terkena efek Jakarta Metropolitan Region mengalami fenomena tersebut mulai dari terbentuknya sampai tahun 2022. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi perubahan tutupan lahan dan intensitas perluasannya dengan fokus lahan terbangun berbasis citra satelit Landsat 7 ETM + dan 8 OLI/TIRS dengan Google Earth Engine dari tahun 1999 dan 2022. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan klasifikasi adalah klasifikasi unsupervised dan untuk mengidentifikas intensitas perluasan dilakukan perhitungan Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII). Akurasi hasil klasifikasi unsupervised sebesar 0,65 dan 0,625 dari uji Kappa dapat digunakan untuk proses selanjutnya atau termasuk dalam kategori “good aggrement”. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tutupan vegetasi menjadi tutupan lahan yang secara luas paling banyak menurun sebesar 5.918,9 Ha sedangkan lahan terbangun meningkat sekitar 8.807,4 Ha. Intensitas perluasan lahan terbangun di Kota Depok tahun 1999-2022 termasuk dalam kategori cepat. Selama 23 tahun, Kota Depok mengalami konversi lahan menjadi lahan terbangun secara drastis dengan intensitas yang cepat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini selama 23 tahun, Kota Depok mengalami perubahan tutupan lahan menjadi lahan terbangun terluas dan intensitas lahan terbangun dari perhitungan UEII adalah 1,91 yang tergolong cepat.
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References
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Ren, P., Gan, S., Yuan, X., Zong, H., & Xie, X. (2013). Spatial expansion and sprawl quantitative analysis of mountain city built-up area. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 398 PART I, 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45025-9_19
Rivai, F. A., Asy’ari, R., Hisyam Fadhil, M., Amir Jouhary, N., Saenal, N., Ardan, F., Pohan, A., Pramulya, R., & Setiawan, Y. (2023). Analysis of land use and land cover changes using random forest through google earth engine in Depok City. Indonesia. SSRS Journal B: Spatial Research, 1(August), 1–12.
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Sun, W., Shan, J., Wang, Z., Wang, L., Lu, D., Jin, Z., & Yu, K. (2020). Geospatial Analysis of Urban Expansion Using Remote Sensing Methods and Data: A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta, China. Complexity, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3239471
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Ustaoglu, E., & Williams, B. (2023). Institutional Settings and Effects on Agricultural Land Conversion: A Global and Spatial Analysis of European Regions. Land, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010047
Vidya, F., 1, U., Hendarto, M., & Info, A. (2020). The Speed of Land Use Changes in The Region of Depok City. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 9(3), 318–327. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/edaj
Wahap, N. A., & Shafri, H. Z. M. (2020). Utilization of Google Earth Engine (GEE) for land cover monitoring over Klang Valley, Malaysia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 540(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/540/1/012003
Wang, W. W., Jin, J. W., Xiao, Z., & Shi, T. (2009). Urban expansion and its driving forces based on remote sensed data and GIS: A case study of Hangzhou city from 1991 to 2008. Geographical Research, 28(3), 685–695.
Wijayanti, W. P., Machmud, S. K., & Subagiyo, A. (2023). Linkage among Two Satellite Cities: What makes People Move? (Case Study: Bogor Regency and Depok City). Regional and Rural Studies, 1(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.21776/rrs.v1i1.2
Wiwoho, B. S., Phinn, S., & McIntyre, N. (2023). Two Decades of Land-Use Dynamics in an Urbanizing Tropical Watershed: Understanding the Patterns and Drivers. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12030092
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Congaltan, R. G., & Green, K. (2009). Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices. CRC Press.
Dwi Yanti, Indri Megantara, Akbar, M., Sabila Meiwanda, Syauqi Izzul, M. Dede Sugandi, & Riki Ridwana. (2020). Analisis Kerapatan Vegetasi di Kecamatan Pangandaran melalui Citra Landsat 8. Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi Dan Lingkungan (JGEL), 4(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.29405/jgel.v4i1.4229
Fitriyanto, B. R., Helmi, M., & Hadiyanto. (2019). Analyzing spatiotemporal types and patterns of urban growth in watersheds that flow into Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 14(February), 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2019.04.002
Harewan, Y., Wurarah, R. N., Santoso, B., & Sabariah, V. (2023). Analysis of land conversion to economic growth: The case of other purpose areas. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1192(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1192/1/012052
Huang, K., Dallimer, M., Stringer, L. C., Zhang, A. L., & Zhang, T. (2021). Does economic agglomeration lead to efficient rural to urban land conversion? An examination of China’s metropolitan area development strategy. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042002
Indrawati, L., Sigit Heru Murti, B. S., Rachmawati, R., & Aji, D. S. (2020). Effect of Urban Expansion Intensity on Urban Ecological Status Utilizing Remote Sensing and GIS: A Study of Semarang-Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 451(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012018
Ismail, M. A., Muhamad Ludin, A. N., & Hosni, N. (2020). Comparative Assessment of the Unsupervised Land Use Classification by Using Proprietary GIS and Open Source Software. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 540(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/540/1/012020
Li, X., Wang, Z., Xhang, Y., & Sun, M. (2019). Mapping urban land use in Depok City, Indonesia, using high-resolution satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, 11(13), 1544.
Matsuda, M., Nasrullah, N., & Sulistyantara, B. (2018). Study about factors influencing transition of green open spaces based on analysis of land use in Depok City, West Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 179(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/179/1/012035
Nagasawa, R., Fukushima, A., Yayusman, L. F., & Novresiandi, D. A. (2015). Urban Expansion and Its Influences on The Suburban Land Use Change in Jakarta Metropolitan Region (JABODETABEK). Urban Planning and Design Research, 3(0), 7. https://doi.org/10.14355/updr.2015.03.002
Nuzullia, L., & Pradoto, W. (2015). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan Kawasan Permukiman Terencana Kota Depok. Teknik PWK (Perencanaan Wilayah Kota), 4(1), 145–159.
Pemerintah Kota Depok. (2020). Sejarah. Portal Resmi Pemerintah Kota Depok. https://www.depok.go.id/sejarah
Prasada, I. Y., & Masyhuri. (2019). The Conversion of Agricultural Land in Urban Areas (Case Study of Pekalongan City, Central Java). Agraris, 5(2), 112–118. https://doi.org/10.18196/agr.5280
Pratama, B. A., & Jumadi. (2022). Analysis of the Influence of Development of Builded Land on the Increase of Surface Temperature Related to the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Depok City. International Journal for Disaster and Development Interface, 2(2), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.53824/ijddi.v2i2.13
Rachma, T. R. N., Silalahi, F. E. S., & Oktaviani, N. (2022). Monitoring 20 Years of Land Cover Change Dynamics in the Satellite Cities of Jakarta, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1111(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1111/1/012034
Rahman, M. A., Ferdaus, M. S., & Tauseef, S. M. (2022). Urbanization dynamics and its relationship with population density and transportation accessibility: A case study of Depok City, Indonesia. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 146(2).
Rakuasa, H., & Latue, P. C. (2023). Monitoring Urban Sprawl in Ambon City Using Google Earth Engine: Memantau Urban Sprawl di Kota Ambon Menggunakan Mesin Google Earth. MULTIPLE: Journal of Global …, August. https://journal.institercom-edu.org/index.php/multiple/article/view/32%0Ahttps://journal.institercom-edu.org/index.php/multiple/article/download/32/28
Ren, P., Gan, S., Yuan, X., Zong, H., & Xie, X. (2013). Spatial expansion and sprawl quantitative analysis of mountain city built-up area. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 398 PART I, 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45025-9_19
Rivai, F. A., Asy’ari, R., Hisyam Fadhil, M., Amir Jouhary, N., Saenal, N., Ardan, F., Pohan, A., Pramulya, R., & Setiawan, Y. (2023). Analysis of land use and land cover changes using random forest through google earth engine in Depok City. Indonesia. SSRS Journal B: Spatial Research, 1(August), 1–12.
Rustiadi, E., Pravitasari, A. E., Setiawan, Y., Mulya, S. P., Pribadi, D. O., & Tsutsumida, N. (2021). Impact of continuous Jakarta megacity urban expansion on the formation of the Jakarta-Bandung conurbation over the rice farm regions. Cities, 111, 103000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.103000
Sun, W., Shan, J., Wang, Z., Wang, L., Lu, D., Jin, Z., & Yu, K. (2020). Geospatial Analysis of Urban Expansion Using Remote Sensing Methods and Data: A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta, China. Complexity, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3239471
Tamiminia, H., Salehi, B., Mahdianpari, M., Quackenbush, L., Adeli, S., & Brisco, B. (2020). Google Earth Engine for geo-big data applications: A meta-analysis and systematic review. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 164(May), 152–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.04.001
Ustaoglu, E., & Williams, B. (2023). Institutional Settings and Effects on Agricultural Land Conversion: A Global and Spatial Analysis of European Regions. Land, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010047
Vidya, F., 1, U., Hendarto, M., & Info, A. (2020). The Speed of Land Use Changes in The Region of Depok City. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 9(3), 318–327. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/edaj
Wahap, N. A., & Shafri, H. Z. M. (2020). Utilization of Google Earth Engine (GEE) for land cover monitoring over Klang Valley, Malaysia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 540(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/540/1/012003
Wang, W. W., Jin, J. W., Xiao, Z., & Shi, T. (2009). Urban expansion and its driving forces based on remote sensed data and GIS: A case study of Hangzhou city from 1991 to 2008. Geographical Research, 28(3), 685–695.
Wijayanti, W. P., Machmud, S. K., & Subagiyo, A. (2023). Linkage among Two Satellite Cities: What makes People Move? (Case Study: Bogor Regency and Depok City). Regional and Rural Studies, 1(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.21776/rrs.v1i1.2
Wiwoho, B. S., Phinn, S., & McIntyre, N. (2023). Two Decades of Land-Use Dynamics in an Urbanizing Tropical Watershed: Understanding the Patterns and Drivers. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12030092
Authors
Pradana, M. R., Wibowo, A., & Ekaputri, D. M. M. (2024). Intensitas Perluasan Lahan Terbangun Pada Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Kota Depok Tahun 1999 – 2022: Dari Awal Terbentuknya Kota Depok Sampai Tahun 2022. Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi Dan Lingkungan (JGEL), 8(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.22236/jgel.v8i2.13123
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