Standardisasi Ekstrak Etanol 70% Buah Labu Siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.)
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Issue
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2020)
Submitted
December 25, 2019
Published
July 2, 2020
Abstract
Labu siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) merupakan tanaman sayur yang dapat digunakan untuk obat tradisional dan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antikolesterol, antihipertensi, antidiabetes maupun antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan mutu ekstrak buah labu siam sebagai bahan baku obat yang berasal dari bahan alam. Standardisasi ekstrak buah labu siam dilakukan terhadap parameter spesifik dan non-spesifik menurut metode standardisasi yang dipersyaratkan. Hasil parameter spesifik ekstrak buah labu siam menunjukkan kadar sari larut air 2,74 ± 0,07%, kadar sari larut etanol 2,75 ± 0,05%, kadar senyawa fenolik 0,36 ± 0,04 mg EAG/g ekstrak dan kadar pektin (bobot equivalen 4.083,51 ± 635,30 mg/eki, kadar metoksi 0,35 ± 0,03% dan kadar galakturonat 2,00 ± 0,19%). Parameter non-spesifik ekstrak buah labu siam menunjukkan kadar air 7,62 ± 0,53%, susut pengeringan 4,49 ± 0,42%, bobot jenis 1,408 ± 0,001 g/ml, abu total 6,33 ± 0,15%, abu tidak larut asam 0,76 ± 0,14%, kadar logam berat As, Cd, Hg dan Pb tidak terdeteksi. Total cemaran mikroba ektrak 7,5 x 103 koloni/g dan angka kapang khamir 20* koloni/g. Berdasarkan data diatas disimpulkan ekstrak etanol 70% buah labu siam memenuhi persyaratan secara umum untuk ekstrak tumbuhan obat.
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References
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Hayati, F. et al. (2015) ‘Standardization of the Extract of Cultivated Ipomoea reptans Poir Leaves from Sardonoharjo, Sleman and Its Potency as Antioxidant )', Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 13(2), pp. 151–157.
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Lukiati, B., Maslikah, S. I. and Nugrahanigsih (2016) ‘Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Labu Siam (Sechium Edule) untuk Perbaikan Kerusakan Sel Beta Pankreas dan Kadar Nitrogen Oksida pada Tikus Yang Mengalami Diabetes Melitus', Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan, 10(1), pp. 24–27.
Marliana, S. D., Suryanti, V., Suyono, S. (2005) ‘The phytochemical screenings and thin layer chromatography analysis of chemical compounds in ethanol extract of labu siam fruit (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.)', Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry, 3(1), pp. 26–31. doi: 10.13057/biofar/f030106.
Ranganna S. (1986) ‘Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products', 2nd edition. Tata McGraw-Hill Publisihing Company Limited, New Delhi., pp. 31-34.
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Rosidah, I., Zainuddin, Mufidah Rima., Bahua, H., Saprudin, M., 2017. Optimasi kondisi ekstraksi senyawa total fenolik buah labu siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw) menggunakan response surface methodology. Media Penelitian dan pengembangan Kesehatan. 27(2): 79-88. doi:10.22435/mpk.v27i2.5706.
Saade, R.L. (1996) ‘Chayote', Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops.8, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Reseach, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
Sibi, G. et al. (2013) ‘Antibacterial activity of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz against gram negative food borne bacteria', Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 4(2), pp. 259–261.
Tiwari, P. et al. (2011) ‘Phytochemical screening and Extraction: A Review', Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 1(1), pp. 98–106.
World Health Organization. (1998) ‘Quality control methods for herbal materials', Updated edition of Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials 1998, World Health Organization, Geneva, pp. 29-30
Agustini, K., Azizahwati and Marlina, S. (2007) ‘Pengaruh lama pemberian formula ekstrak buah labu siam (Sechium edule) terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida tikus putih jantan', Jurnal Bahan Alam Indonesia, 6 (2), pp. 60–64.
Aini, K., Betty, L., Balqis. (2016) ‘Skrining fitokimia dan penentuan aktivitas antioksidan serta kandungan total fenol ekstrak buah labu siam (Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Sw.)'. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. (2014) ‘Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makan Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2014 tentang Persyaratan mutu obat tradisional', Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, Jakarta.
Departemen Kesehatan dan Kesejahteraan Sosial Republik Indonesia. (2000) ‘Inventaris Tanaman Obat Indonesia I (I)'. Departemen Kesehatan dan Kesejahteraan Sosial Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, pp. 213-214.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2000) ‘Parameter standar umum ekstrak tumbuhan obat', Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, pp. 9-32.
Fidrianny, I., Ayu, D. and Hartati, R. (2015) ‘Antioxidant capacities, phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content of various polarities extracts from three organs of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz', Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(5), pp. 914–920.
Firdousa, S. M. et al. (2012) ‘Protective effect of ethanolic extract and its ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of sechium edule fruits against paracetamol induced hepatic injury in mice', Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5(SUPPL 2), pp. 10–14.
Firdousb, S. M., Ahmed, S. and Dey, S. (2012) ‘Antiepileptic and central nervous system depressant activity of Sechium edule fruit extract', Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 7(3), pp. 199–202. doi: 10.3329/bjp.v7i3.11275.
Hayati, F. et al. (2015) ‘Standardization of the Extract of Cultivated Ipomoea reptans Poir Leaves from Sardonoharjo, Sleman and Its Potency as Antioxidant )', Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 13(2), pp. 151–157.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2017) ‘Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Edisi II', Kementerian Kesehatan Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, pp. 526-528.
Kamble, P. B., Gawande, S. and Patil, T. S. (2017) ‘Extraction of Pectin from Unripe Banana Peel', International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 4(7).
Lombardo-Earl, G. et al. (2014) ‘Extracts and fractions from edible roots of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. with antihypertensive activity', Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014. doi: 10.1155/2014/594326.
Lukiati, B., Maslikah, S. I. and Nugrahanigsih (2016) ‘Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Labu Siam (Sechium Edule) untuk Perbaikan Kerusakan Sel Beta Pankreas dan Kadar Nitrogen Oksida pada Tikus Yang Mengalami Diabetes Melitus', Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan, 10(1), pp. 24–27.
Marliana, S. D., Suryanti, V., Suyono, S. (2005) ‘The phytochemical screenings and thin layer chromatography analysis of chemical compounds in ethanol extract of labu siam fruit (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.)', Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry, 3(1), pp. 26–31. doi: 10.13057/biofar/f030106.
Ranganna S. (1986) ‘Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products', 2nd edition. Tata McGraw-Hill Publisihing Company Limited, New Delhi., pp. 31-34.
Remington, J.P., Beringer, P. (2006) ‘Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy', 21st edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp.773-774.
Rosidah, I., Zainuddin, Mufidah Rima., Bahua, H., Saprudin, M., 2017. Optimasi kondisi ekstraksi senyawa total fenolik buah labu siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw) menggunakan response surface methodology. Media Penelitian dan pengembangan Kesehatan. 27(2): 79-88. doi:10.22435/mpk.v27i2.5706.
Saade, R.L. (1996) ‘Chayote', Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops.8, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Reseach, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
Sibi, G. et al. (2013) ‘Antibacterial activity of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz against gram negative food borne bacteria', Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 4(2), pp. 259–261.
Tiwari, P. et al. (2011) ‘Phytochemical screening and Extraction: A Review', Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 1(1), pp. 98–106.
World Health Organization. (1998) ‘Quality control methods for herbal materials', Updated edition of Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials 1998, World Health Organization, Geneva, pp. 29-30
Authors
Rosidah, I., Zainuddin, Z., Agustini, K. ., Bunga , O. . and Pudjiastuti, L. . (2020) “Standardisasi Ekstrak Etanol 70% Buah Labu Siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.)”, Farmasains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kefarmasian, 7(1), pp. 13–20. doi: 10.22236/farmasains.v7i1.4175.
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