Knowledge, Awareness, and Practice of Parents on Antibiotic Resistance among Children in Sampang, Cilacap Regency
Abstract
Inappropriate use of antibiotics in children contributes to antibiotic resistance. Parents in Cilacap have limited knowledge and awareness of it. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, awareness, and practices of parents regarding antibiotic resistance in 0-11 years old children in Cilacap, as well as to explore the relationship of those aspects and the respondents’ characteristics. The research used a descriptive cross-sectional approach in Sampang District, Cilacap Regency, conducted in May 2024 with 96 respondents selected through cluster random sampling with inclusion criteria. The respondents were parents of 0-11 years old children, with or without antibiotic treatment history, and willing to participate by completing questionnaires. Results showed that 63.5% respondents had high knowledge, 66.7% respondents had high awareness, and 65.6% respondents had good practices. The results indicated that age and education significantly influenced knowledge, awareness, and practices, with p-values <0.05. Meanwhile, gender and occupation showed no significant effect, as evidenced by p-values >0.05. The findings indicate that parents in Sampang District generally demonstrate high knowledge and awareness, as well as good practices concerning antibiotic resistance in children. However, certain demographic factors, particularly age and education, remain influential in shaping these outcomes.
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References
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Angelina S, Tjandra O. H Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu terhadap Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Anak di Kelurahan Tomang Periode Januari-Maret 2017. Tarumanagara Med J. 2019;1(2):410-416. Crossref
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Ahmed DS, AboElela AM, Ismail SS, Hammour ZE, Fawaz RA, Abdelmoniem ME. Pattern of Antibiotic Use among Children Caregivers: A Cross-sectional Study. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2024;99(33):1-9. Crossref
Alsuhaibani M, AlKheder R, Alwanin J, Alharbi M, Alrasheedi M, Almousa R. Parents Awareness Toward Antibiotics use in Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2019;8(2):75-90. Crossref
Paneo MA, Tuloli TS, Thomas NA, Latif MS, Taupik M, Djuwarno EN. Pengenalan Sejak Dini tentang Resistensi Antibiotik Kepada Mahasiswa Farmasi UNG dan Siswa SMK Farmasi di Kota Gorontalo melalui Program School of AMR PD IAI Gorontalo. J Pengabdi Masy Farm Pharmacare Soc. 2024;3(1):22–28. Crossref
Yunitasari E, Triningsih A, Pradanie R. Analysis of Mother Behavior Factor in Following Program of Breastfeeding Support Group in the Region of Asemrowo Health Center, Surabaya. NurseLine J. 2020;4(2):94-102. Crossref
Pitaloka DAE, Kusuma IY, Pratiwi H, Alfarafisa NM, Insyirah A, Oktariani AN. Development and Validation of Questionnaire to Measure Parents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Self-Medication of Children with Antibiotics in Bandung, Indonesia. Infect Drug Resist Dovepress. 2023;16:6111-6120. Crossref
Mengesha Y, Manaye B, Moges G. Assessment of Public Awareness, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Antibiotic Resistance in Kemissie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist Dovepress. 2020;13:3783-3789. Crossref
Anggraini FDP, Aprianti, Setyawati VAV, Hartanto AA. Pembelajaran Statistika Menggunakan Software SPSS untuk Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas. J Basicedu. 2022;6(4):6491-6504. Crossref
Widana IW, Muliani PL. Uji Persyaratan Analisis. Lumajang: Klik Media; 2020. 1-91.
Kondoj IV, Lolo WA, Jayanto I. Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik di Apotek Kimia Farma 396 Tuminting Kota Manado. J Pharmacon. 2020;9(2):294-301. Crossref
Nuraini A, Rokhani R, Isnawati N. Pengaruh Pengetahuan dan Status Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Bangkalan terhadap Perilaku Swamedikasi Antibiotik. JPP (Jurnal Kesehat Poltekkes Palembang). 2024;19(1):17-24. Crossref
Marsudi A, Wiyono WI, Mpila DA. Inventory Control of Drug with Economic Order Quantity (EQQ) and Reorder Point (ROP) Methods in X Pharmacy, District Wenang. Pharm Med J. 2021;4(2):54-61. Crossref
Hadning I, Lupita R. Apakah Early Exposure dapat Meningkatkan Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Farmasi Tentang Pelayanan Farmasi Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit? Farmasains J Ilm Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2024;11(1):48-55. Crossref
Marzan M, Islam DZ, Lugova H, Haque M, Islam S. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Antimicrobial Uses and Resistance among Public University Students in Bangladesh. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:519-533. Crossref
Yulia R, Putri R, Wahyudi R. Studi Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik di Puskesmas Rasimah Ahmad Bukittinggi. J Pharm Sci. 2020;2(2):43-48. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v2i2.25">Crossref
Wulandari A, Rahmawardany CY. Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotik di Masyarakat. Sainstech Farma. 2022;15(1):9-16. Crossref
Sari DP, Sari PS, Deccati RF, Elizar LJA. Edukasi Kesehatan Pencegahan Resistensi Antibiotik menggunakan Video Animasi pada Anak Panti Asuhan di Kota Mataram. J Abdi Insa. 2023;10(2):707-721. Crossref
Simamora S, Sarmadi S, Rulianti MR, Suzalin F. Peran Tenaga Teknis Kefarmasian di Puskesmas dalam Mencegah Potensi Resistensi Bakteri. J Kreat Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2022;5(5):1318-1330. Crossref
Patinasarany SSJ, Lopuhaa E, Sagat ROO, Tetrapoik SN, Matulessy FS, Sinay H, et al. Sosialisasi dan Edukasi Penggunaan Antibiotik yang Bijak sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Resistansi di Desa Nikulukan. J Pengabdi Kpd Masy Nusant. 2025;6(2):2630-2639. Crossref
Oktresia EE, Gemantari BM, Yuliana TP, Ramadhan L, Azim M. Peran Apoteker dalam Edukasi Resistensi Antibiotik di Kecamatan Keruak Lombok Timur. INDRA J Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2024;5(1):38-41. Crossref
Anjani RH, Monasyifa R, Wiharti IR. Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Apoteker terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik di Kabupaten Nganjuk Jawa Timur. Generics J Res Pharm. 2025;5(1):51-62. Crossref
Nasrun SI, Rauf S, Idrus HH, Mappaware NA, Alamanda. Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Orang Tua terhadap Pemakaian Antibiotik pada Anak di RSUD Abepura. Fakumi Med J J Mhs Kedokt. 2024;3(12):917-925. Crossref
Bustomi, Sukardi I, Astuti M. Pemikiran Konstruktivisme dalam Teori Pendidikan Kognitif Jean Piaget dan Lev Vygotsky. J Rev Pendidik dan Pengajaran. 2024;7(3):16376-16383. Crossref
Mutagonda RF, Marealle AI, Nkinda L, Kibwana U, Maganda BA, Njiro BJ, et al. Determinants of Misuse of Antibiotics Among Parents of Children Attending Clinics in Regional Referral Hospitals in Tanzania. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1-11. Crossref
Pennino F, Maccauro ML, Sorrentino M, Gioia M, Riello S, Messineo G, et al. Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors Concerning Antibiotic Use in a Large Metropolitan Area: Implications for Public Health and Policy Interventions. Antibiotics. 2023;12(10):1-14. Crossref
Islam MW, Shahjahan M, Azad AK, Hossain MJ. Factors Contributing to Antibiotic Misuse Among Parents of School-going Children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1-14. Crossref
Naser AY, Al-Shehri H. Parental Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on the Use of Antibiotics Among Their Children in Jordan: A Cross-sectional Study. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9:1-9. Crossref
Shaleha RR, Muwahid AC, Komara Y, Falahuddin MF, Irpanudin, Antonia V, et al. Peningkatan Pengetahuan Siswa terhadap Bahaya Resistensi Antibiotik terhadap Generasi Penerus Bangsa di SMAN 1 Sindangkasih. J Kreat Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2025;8(3):1529-1544. Crossref
Cathartica A, Junando M, Sayoeti MFW, Suri N. Narrative Review: Penggunaan Antibiotik Reserve dalam Era Resistensi Antimikroba. J Sains Med. 2025;3(4):131-138.
Suci, Himaniarwati, Hamiru LO. Analisis Hubungan antara Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Kendari. J Pharm Mandala Waluya. 2024;3(1):47-61. Crossref
Sitanggang Y, Manurung V. Analisis Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat mengenai Resistensi Antibiotika. J Ilm Multidisiplin Terpadu. 2024;8(9):242-248.
Nazir S, Azim M. Assessment of Antibiotic Self-Medication Practice Among Public in the Northwestern Region of Pakistan. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2017;24(4):200-203. Crossref
Suwaryo PAW, Yuwono P. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat dalam Mitigasi Bencana Alam Tanah Longsor. URECOL. 2017:305-314.
Sinuraya RK, Wulandari C, Amalia R, Puspitasari IM. Understanding Public Knowledge and Behavior Regarding Antibiotic Use in Indonesia. Infect Drug Resist. 2023;16:6833-6842. Crossref
Yunita SL, Yang HW, Chen YC, Kao LT, Lu YZ, Wen YL, et al. Knowledge and Practices Related to Antibiotic use Among Women in Malang, Indonesia. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1-11. Crossref
Wong LP, Alias H, Husin SA, Ali ZB, Sim B, Ponnampalavanar SSLS. Factors Influencing Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics: Findings from a Nationwide Survey of the General Public in Malaysia. PLoS One. 2021;16:1-12. Crossref
Karuniawati H, Hassali MAA, Suryawati S, Ismail WI, Taufik T, Hossain MS. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Use Among the Population of Boyolali, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(8258):1-16. Crossref
Kementerian Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan. Peraturan Menteri Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 Tentang Rencana Aksi Nasional Pengendalian Resistensi Antimikroba Tahun 2020-2024. Jakarta: Menteri Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia; 2021. 1-192.
Siahaan S, Herman MJ, Fitri N. Antimicrobial Resistance Situation in Indonesia: A Challenge of Multisector and Global Coordination. J Trop Med. 2022;1(1):1-10. Crossref
Ramadhani GRP, Difa I, Jenah RA. Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Berdasarkan Tepat Obat dan Tepat Dosis pada Pasien Appendicitis Rawat Inap Di RSUD "X” Tahun 2018. Farmasains J Ilm Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2021;8(2):81-91. Crossref
Rachmawati S, Masito DK, Rachmawati E. Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Anak Rawat Inap di RSD Dr. Soebandi Jember. J Farm Galen. 2020;6(2):212-220. Crossref
Romandini A, Pani A, Schenardi PA, Pattarino GAC, De Giacomo C, Scaglione F. Antibiotic Resistance in Pediatric Infections: Global Emerging Threats, Predicting the Near Future. Antibiotics. Antibiotics. 2021;10(4):1-12. Crossref
Syafridah A. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu dengan Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Balita Usia 0-2 Tahun di Puskesmas Dewantara Kabupaten Aceh Utara. AVERROUS J Kedokt dan Kesehat Malikussaleh. 2022;8(2):51-58. Crossref
Angelina S, Tjandra O. H Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu terhadap Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Anak di Kelurahan Tomang Periode Januari-Maret 2017. Tarumanagara Med J. 2019;1(2):410-416. Crossref
Setyo AR, Wahyuningsih SS, Endrawati S. Tingkat Pengetahuan Orang Tua terhadap Pemakaian Antibiotik pada Anak di Apotek Asia Farma Kabupaten Karanganyar. Indones J Med Sci. 2023;10(1):8-14. Crossref
Ahmed DS, AboElela AM, Ismail SS, Hammour ZE, Fawaz RA, Abdelmoniem ME. Pattern of Antibiotic Use among Children Caregivers: A Cross-sectional Study. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2024;99(33):1-9. Crossref
Alsuhaibani M, AlKheder R, Alwanin J, Alharbi M, Alrasheedi M, Almousa R. Parents Awareness Toward Antibiotics use in Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2019;8(2):75-90. Crossref
Paneo MA, Tuloli TS, Thomas NA, Latif MS, Taupik M, Djuwarno EN. Pengenalan Sejak Dini tentang Resistensi Antibiotik Kepada Mahasiswa Farmasi UNG dan Siswa SMK Farmasi di Kota Gorontalo melalui Program School of AMR PD IAI Gorontalo. J Pengabdi Masy Farm Pharmacare Soc. 2024;3(1):22–28. Crossref
Yunitasari E, Triningsih A, Pradanie R. Analysis of Mother Behavior Factor in Following Program of Breastfeeding Support Group in the Region of Asemrowo Health Center, Surabaya. NurseLine J. 2020;4(2):94-102. Crossref
Pitaloka DAE, Kusuma IY, Pratiwi H, Alfarafisa NM, Insyirah A, Oktariani AN. Development and Validation of Questionnaire to Measure Parents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Self-Medication of Children with Antibiotics in Bandung, Indonesia. Infect Drug Resist Dovepress. 2023;16:6111-6120. Crossref
Mengesha Y, Manaye B, Moges G. Assessment of Public Awareness, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Antibiotic Resistance in Kemissie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist Dovepress. 2020;13:3783-3789. Crossref
Anggraini FDP, Aprianti, Setyawati VAV, Hartanto AA. Pembelajaran Statistika Menggunakan Software SPSS untuk Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas. J Basicedu. 2022;6(4):6491-6504. Crossref
Widana IW, Muliani PL. Uji Persyaratan Analisis. Lumajang: Klik Media; 2020. 1-91.
Kondoj IV, Lolo WA, Jayanto I. Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik di Apotek Kimia Farma 396 Tuminting Kota Manado. J Pharmacon. 2020;9(2):294-301. Crossref
Nuraini A, Rokhani R, Isnawati N. Pengaruh Pengetahuan dan Status Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Bangkalan terhadap Perilaku Swamedikasi Antibiotik. JPP (Jurnal Kesehat Poltekkes Palembang). 2024;19(1):17-24. Crossref
Marsudi A, Wiyono WI, Mpila DA. Inventory Control of Drug with Economic Order Quantity (EQQ) and Reorder Point (ROP) Methods in X Pharmacy, District Wenang. Pharm Med J. 2021;4(2):54-61. Crossref
Hadning I, Lupita R. Apakah Early Exposure dapat Meningkatkan Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Farmasi Tentang Pelayanan Farmasi Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit? Farmasains J Ilm Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2024;11(1):48-55. Crossref
Marzan M, Islam DZ, Lugova H, Haque M, Islam S. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Antimicrobial Uses and Resistance among Public University Students in Bangladesh. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:519-533. Crossref
Yulia R, Putri R, Wahyudi R. Studi Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik di Puskesmas Rasimah Ahmad Bukittinggi. J Pharm Sci. 2020;2(2):43-48. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v2i2.25">Crossref
Wulandari A, Rahmawardany CY. Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotik di Masyarakat. Sainstech Farma. 2022;15(1):9-16. Crossref
Sari DP, Sari PS, Deccati RF, Elizar LJA. Edukasi Kesehatan Pencegahan Resistensi Antibiotik menggunakan Video Animasi pada Anak Panti Asuhan di Kota Mataram. J Abdi Insa. 2023;10(2):707-721. Crossref
Simamora S, Sarmadi S, Rulianti MR, Suzalin F. Peran Tenaga Teknis Kefarmasian di Puskesmas dalam Mencegah Potensi Resistensi Bakteri. J Kreat Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2022;5(5):1318-1330. Crossref
Patinasarany SSJ, Lopuhaa E, Sagat ROO, Tetrapoik SN, Matulessy FS, Sinay H, et al. Sosialisasi dan Edukasi Penggunaan Antibiotik yang Bijak sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Resistansi di Desa Nikulukan. J Pengabdi Kpd Masy Nusant. 2025;6(2):2630-2639. Crossref
Oktresia EE, Gemantari BM, Yuliana TP, Ramadhan L, Azim M. Peran Apoteker dalam Edukasi Resistensi Antibiotik di Kecamatan Keruak Lombok Timur. INDRA J Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2024;5(1):38-41. Crossref
Anjani RH, Monasyifa R, Wiharti IR. Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Apoteker terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik di Kabupaten Nganjuk Jawa Timur. Generics J Res Pharm. 2025;5(1):51-62. Crossref
Nasrun SI, Rauf S, Idrus HH, Mappaware NA, Alamanda. Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Orang Tua terhadap Pemakaian Antibiotik pada Anak di RSUD Abepura. Fakumi Med J J Mhs Kedokt. 2024;3(12):917-925. Crossref
Bustomi, Sukardi I, Astuti M. Pemikiran Konstruktivisme dalam Teori Pendidikan Kognitif Jean Piaget dan Lev Vygotsky. J Rev Pendidik dan Pengajaran. 2024;7(3):16376-16383. Crossref
Mutagonda RF, Marealle AI, Nkinda L, Kibwana U, Maganda BA, Njiro BJ, et al. Determinants of Misuse of Antibiotics Among Parents of Children Attending Clinics in Regional Referral Hospitals in Tanzania. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1-11. Crossref
Pennino F, Maccauro ML, Sorrentino M, Gioia M, Riello S, Messineo G, et al. Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors Concerning Antibiotic Use in a Large Metropolitan Area: Implications for Public Health and Policy Interventions. Antibiotics. 2023;12(10):1-14. Crossref
Islam MW, Shahjahan M, Azad AK, Hossain MJ. Factors Contributing to Antibiotic Misuse Among Parents of School-going Children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1-14. Crossref
Naser AY, Al-Shehri H. Parental Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on the Use of Antibiotics Among Their Children in Jordan: A Cross-sectional Study. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9:1-9. Crossref
Shaleha RR, Muwahid AC, Komara Y, Falahuddin MF, Irpanudin, Antonia V, et al. Peningkatan Pengetahuan Siswa terhadap Bahaya Resistensi Antibiotik terhadap Generasi Penerus Bangsa di SMAN 1 Sindangkasih. J Kreat Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2025;8(3):1529-1544. Crossref
Cathartica A, Junando M, Sayoeti MFW, Suri N. Narrative Review: Penggunaan Antibiotik Reserve dalam Era Resistensi Antimikroba. J Sains Med. 2025;3(4):131-138.
Suci, Himaniarwati, Hamiru LO. Analisis Hubungan antara Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Kendari. J Pharm Mandala Waluya. 2024;3(1):47-61. Crossref
Sitanggang Y, Manurung V. Analisis Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat mengenai Resistensi Antibiotika. J Ilm Multidisiplin Terpadu. 2024;8(9):242-248.
Nazir S, Azim M. Assessment of Antibiotic Self-Medication Practice Among Public in the Northwestern Region of Pakistan. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2017;24(4):200-203. Crossref
Suwaryo PAW, Yuwono P. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat dalam Mitigasi Bencana Alam Tanah Longsor. URECOL. 2017:305-314.
Sinuraya RK, Wulandari C, Amalia R, Puspitasari IM. Understanding Public Knowledge and Behavior Regarding Antibiotic Use in Indonesia. Infect Drug Resist. 2023;16:6833-6842. Crossref
Yunita SL, Yang HW, Chen YC, Kao LT, Lu YZ, Wen YL, et al. Knowledge and Practices Related to Antibiotic use Among Women in Malang, Indonesia. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1-11. Crossref
Wong LP, Alias H, Husin SA, Ali ZB, Sim B, Ponnampalavanar SSLS. Factors Influencing Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics: Findings from a Nationwide Survey of the General Public in Malaysia. PLoS One. 2021;16:1-12. Crossref
Karuniawati H, Hassali MAA, Suryawati S, Ismail WI, Taufik T, Hossain MS. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Antibiotic Use Among the Population of Boyolali, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(8258):1-16. Crossref
Authors
Wijayanti, P. N., Kaafah, S. and Setianingsih, S. (2025) “Knowledge, Awareness, and Practice of Parents on Antibiotic Resistance among Children in Sampang, Cilacap Regency”, Farmasains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kefarmasian, 12(2), pp. 95–111. doi: 10.22236/farmasains.v12i2.18235.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.