UICELL Conference Proceeding

TEACHERS’ METHODS TO FOSTER CRITICAL THINKING OF PRIMARY STUDENTS THROUGH EVALUATIVE READING

2024-01-09T03:05:39+07:00

Critical thinking is an essential skill that students, especially primary students, must acquire early. It helps the students to make sense of the world around them and to communicate their ideas. Primary students who learn English in their schools have been exposed to English text for their lessons. Abundant research has proven that reading activities, especially evaluative reading, can generate students' critical thinking with their teacher's guidance. Teachers have used different methods in evaluative reading and caused different impacts on students. This article analyses the most effective method in evaluative reading to foster critical thinking for primary students. The data are collected from existing journal articles, proceeding papers from conferences, books, and theses. By analyzing existing research findings and empirical evidence, this study examines teachers' different methods to foster critical thinking in primary students through evaluative reading. It describes the strengths, challenges, and opportunities after implementing various methods through evaluative reading. This study's findings give an overview related to the use of various methods of evaluative reading to foster critical thinking in primary students and practical insights for teachers in primary education.

Keywords: Critical Thinking, Evaluative Reading, Primary Students, Teachers

LANGUAGE TESTING IN ENGLISH PROFICIENCY TEST (EPT): URGENTLY NEEDED OR ADMINISTRATION FORMALITY

2024-01-09T03:30:47+07:00

A crucial third component is added to the field of language testing or English Proficiency Test (EPT); focusing on language assessment practices, the social consequences, and implications of language testing and assessment. Aimed to know urgently needed or administration formality, compared the ideal perspective on language testing with 14-jurnals Scopus Q1. The result proposed nine (9) reasons through qualitative approach, they are: 1) language tests used for establishing social identity, 2) language tests and the realization of the enormous power to influence education, societies, and even the status of nations as a result of performances on international tests, content language link in English language proficiency (ELP) assessments: to define and operationalize the construct of academic language proficiency, and English language arts standards, 3) use of tests to facilitate the movement of populations in the new globalized structures is the use of tests to resist the movement of peoples, identity, 4) language tests is a function of the social and political roles they play and have marked social relevance in the contemporary world, 5) language tests are used throughout the world to control the entry of students into university settings where the language of instruction is not the student’s first language and to predict the student’s ability to cope with the demands of the university settings, 6) ethics in language testing is a set of principles which draws upon moral philosophy and serves to guide good professional conduct, 7) a code in language testing to provide for accountability, 8) language tests are used throughout the world to control the entry of students into university settings where the language of instruction is not the student’s first language, 9) for content-language link in content assessments: a content assessment represent the student’s content knowledge or represent ability to read, understand, and respond to questions in English. Concluded that language testing in English Proficiency Test (EPT) is still urgently needed.

Keywords: Language Testing; English Proficiency Test (EPT); Urgently Needed; Administration Formality; Proposed Reason

METACOGNITIVE STRATEGY INSTRUCTION IN EFL CLASSROOMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2024-01-09T04:23:13+07:00

Metacognitive strategies stimulate an individual's thoughts, resulting in enhanced learning performance. Utilizing such learning strategies encourages students to reflect on their cognitive processes before, during, and after learning. The present study seeks to review the literature on teaching metacognitive strategies explicitly in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms. Data collection and analysis followed Newman & Gough's (2020) systematic review procedure. This review begins with a summary of the results of 36 studies on the subject. Based on the summaries, the review draws general conclusions and suggests future research directions. The review identifies a need for more intervention-based research conducted in the primary English classroom that implements metacognitive strategies, focusing not only on a single language skill or language element but also on integrated skills during regular teaching hours.

Keywords: learner training; metacognitive intervention, metacognitive strategies; strategy instruction; strategy training

LOCAL CULTURAL VALUES IN TECHNOLOGY: YOUTUBE TRANS7 AS EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ITS USE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING

2024-01-09T16:46:01+07:00

Education in modern era encourages all of us to be able to elaborate on the learning process through various means and facilities including technology. One of the elements that needs to be presented is local cultural elements that contain character education. This research aims to explain the use of teaching materials that represent local cultural values on the Youtube Edutaiment / Magazine Show Trans7 channel as the development of Indonesian language teaching materials. The research method used is qualitative research with a content analysis approach. The data analysis technique using content analysis techniques consists of six steps, namely: (1) data collection, (2) sample determination, (3) recording/transcripting video content, (4) data reduction, (5) drawing conclusions, and ( 6) description/results of analysis of local cultural values in YouTube video. Data validation uses Miles and Huberman's theory, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification through Forum Group Discussion (FGD). Based on good algorithm findings, the average number of viewers is 29.5% males aged 13-17 years, and 6.8% of viewers are females aged 13- 17 years. The local cultural values found from the analysis are: (1) The nature of human life, (2) Human relationships with natural resources, (3) Human perception of time, (4) Arts and crafts, (5) Social relationships. Based on these findings, the Youtube Edutainment/MagazineShow Trans7 channel is suitable for use as alternative teaching material and digital means to instill cultural values integrated with education is right step because apart from instilling character, it also instills cultural values in Indonesia.

Keywords: Cultural Values, Technology, Youtube, Learning, Indonesian

A STUDY OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING STAD IN REDUCING EFL STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ANXIETY

2024-01-09T01:59:43+07:00

Recognizing the presence of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety (FLSA), numerous educators have endeavoured to implement various strategies to mitigate this challenge. Student Team Achievement divisions (STAD) is one of cooperative learning strategies that requires small groups of students with various levels of competence to collaborate and achieve a common learning objective. This study aims to find out what factors causing Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety in EFL classrooms and describe how Cooperative Learning STAD reduce EFL’ students speaking anxiety. This study is a mixed method research which combines qualitative and quantitative data through three-day-reflective observation checklists and closedended questionnaire. The main participants in this study were students of eleven grade Accountant student 2 at Vocational High school in Jakarta with the total of 37 students. The result of this study showed that students experienced anxiety due to various factors including interpersonal, personal anxiety, beliefs about learning a foreign language, fear of mistakes, and language exams. It should be noted, using STAD, which includes teaching, team study, testing, and recognition, helped students to improve their understanding, speaking skills, and confidence. Thus, this study concluded that Cooperative Learning STAD significantly reduced students' speaking anxiety.

Keywords: Cooperative Learning STAD, FLSA, EFL, Speaking Anxiety

TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING RESEARCH FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY

2024-01-14T16:02:06+07:00

This bibliometric study aims to explore the evolving landscape of research related to problem-based learning (PBL) in English language teaching (ELT). The research design comprehensively reviews academic publications from Google Scholar databases. The data is collected through Publish or Perish, and the analysis is conducted using bibliometric techniques. The research procedure consists of systematic literature searching and data extraction, followed by rigorous data analysis using Vosviewer. The bibliometric mapping using Vosviewer indicates fluctuating development in problem-based learning in English language teaching from 2015 to 2023, supported by 994 indexed publications on Google Scholar. The 30 patterns identified in this field form five dominant clusters: curriculum, English language teaching, experience, foreign language, learner, learning English, performance, task, ability, creativity, critical thinking skill, effectiveness, influence, learning model, outcome, active learning, challenge, interest, opportunity, practice, problem-based learning, systematic review, focus, inquiry, project, technology, total, higher order thinking skill, improvement, and perception.

Keywords: Problem-based Learning, ELT, Bibliometric, Vosviewer, Publish or Perish

Exploring Novice EFL Teachers' Reflective Practice on Their Teaching Performances During Online Learning: A Narrative Inquiry Approach

2024-01-09T02:27:39+07:00

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused sudden changes in the world of education, requiring teachers to adapt their teaching methods to online platforms. This narrative inquiry investigates the reflective practices of novice English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Indonesian schools during the transition to online learning. This research aims to explore how teachers reflect on their teaching performance and how this reflective practice influences their professional development. A qualitative approach was used to collect data from a sample of two novice EFL teachers working in schools in Indonesia. Data was collected through teachers' reflective journals that focused on their experiences and perceptions of online teaching practices. Teachers' reflections were analyzed thematically to identify common patterns and trends in their experiences. Preliminary findings suggest that novice EFL teachers actively engage in reflective practice to assess their teaching performance during online learning. Teachers demonstrated awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of their online teaching methods and expressed a willingness to experiment with new approaches to improve student learning. This study contributes to the understanding of how reflective practice influences novice EFL teachers' professional development in online learning contexts. This highlights the importance of ongoing self-evaluation and the potential benefits of incorporating reflective practice into teacher training programs. These findings have implications for policy makers, teacher educators, and school administrators, highlighting the need to support teachers in developing reflective skills to improve online teaching performance.

Keywords: Reflective Practice, Novice EFL Teachers, Professional Development

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF KAHOOT.IT USED AS MEDIA TO ASSESS THEIR ENGLISH GRAMMAR COMPETENCE

2024-01-26T08:59:16+07:00

This research is aimed at finding empirical data from students’ perception of Kahoot.it used by teachers to assess students’ English Grammar mastery. This research was focused on small-scale samples of senior-level students from three schools in East Jakarta. Thus, this research could crack the actual impressions of each student toward the usage of Kahoot.it particularly in the grammar assessment context. This research employed a quantitative descriptive approach by using a survey design. This research applied an online G-form instrument that consisted of 24 items with closed and open-ended questionnaire formats. There was a total of 234 students who completed the instruments. The data collection was calculated by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 25 version. The findings clearly showed positive results towards Kahoot.it usage on the aspects of Features and Display (67.91%), Experience; Likeness and Interest (61.91%), and Grammar Assessment Tool (60.97%). These data were also supported by the result of a close-ended questionnaire which presented plenty of good statements. It is convincing to affirm Kahoot.it is truly beneficial for the students to assess their English grammar competence. learners. This research aims to expose the descriptive accounts of the teaching and learning process in online learning settings which is related to critical and creative thinking. This research will be a case study that uses observation and interview as data collection techniques.

Keywords: Assessment, English Grammar, Kahoot, Perception, Students

TEACHING EFL SPEAKING SKILLS: A SELF-STUDY OF EFFECTIVE LESSON PLANNING AND DELIVERY

2024-01-09T02:57:07+07:00

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers will encounter challenges while instructing students from diverse backgrounds. They will overcome these challenges when they use strategically designed, well-conducted lessons that have the potential to enhance students' engagement and proficiency in communication greatly. This research studied the best practices in planning and delivering English-speaking lessons to EFL students in China and Indonesia, utilizing a self-analysis of the teaching practice approach. This study clarifies the principles underlying the inception of two speaking exercises, namely "Friendship Soup" and "Chain Story," and provides precise insight into the techniques employed in students speaking practices. The findings emphasized the students' enthusiastic engagement, favorable dispositions towards the assignments, and favorable responses to the prompt feedback they got. Another advantageous result of such tasks is the enhanced proficiency of the students in speaking. By looking at EFL speaking activities from a global point of view, this study adds to what is known by making them suitable for students from a range of backgrounds and points of view. The findings have significance for educators seeking to enhance student involvement and selfassurance in speaking to others and to improve their level of EFL instruction in diverse settings.

Keywords: Self-Study, Teaching Practice, Speaking Skills

EFFECTIVENESS OF LEARNERS’ INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN LERANING: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY INVESTIGATING LEARNER AUTONOMY AND PERSONALIZED LEARNING

2024-01-09T03:20:33+07:00

This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of adult English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners integrating PowerPoint presentations into their classroom oral presentations. Data was collected from undergraduate students from Bangladesh and USA from semi-structured interviews. Following Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis, data were analyzed. The findings showed that the use of PowerPoint presentations was found to foster learners' autonomy and personalized learning. In addition, adult EFL learners employed various strategies to navigate the challenges. The study offers a detailed perspective on how PowerPoint supports the presentation of oral content, the obstacles learners encounter, and their strategic solutions to optimize learning, thereby promoting autonomy and personalized education. This research will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of EFL learning and offers practical implications for utilizing PowerPoint effectively in EFL classrooms. Further research is recommended to extend this exploration into diverse EFL contexts and demographic groups.

Keywords: Learners technology, PowerPoint, oral presentation, EFL learners

Enhancing Students’ English Vocabulary through the Help of Track Star Online Program

2024-01-09T04:13:30+07:00

Vocabulary is a basic for how well students learn, speak, listen, read, and write a language. One of the English learning strategies used to motivate students in learning vocabulary is through both offline and online media. One of the online media that can be applied in learning vocabulary is the Track Star online program. Researchers are interested in conducting research with the help of the Track Star online program, so that it aims to increase students' English vocabulary. The method used was Classroom Action Research, this research was conducted in 2 cycles, in cycle I, mean score was 70.5 with the percentage of passing KKM being 35%. In cycle II, the mean score was 83 with the percentage of KKM passing is 85%, the success rate of Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was above 24% of students who could pass the KKM. The Classroom Action Research (CAR) is a success by default, and the cycle can be broken. From the result, it can be concluded that Track Star online program is a fun and effective way to enhance students’ English vocabulary.

Keywords: Vocabulary, Track Star online program, offline and online media

EFL LEARNERS’ SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES IN ISLAMIC PRIVATE UNIVERSITY

2024-01-09T16:18:59+07:00

Numbers of research had proven self-regulated learning strategies to be effective in foreign language learning contexts. This study aimed to investigate EFL learners’ most frequently-used self-regulated learning strategies in English learning in one of the Islamic universities in Indonesia when it was still in COVID-19 pandemic. To reveal the answers, the writer involved 90 undergraduate final year students as participants, by utilizing a quantitative method of survey design. The data was gathered with an online questionnaire of Google Form and was distributed through WhatsApp. To analyze the data, Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25 were used in observing the mean and percentage. It was discovered that in learning English through self-regulated learning strategies, EFL learners’ most frequently-used strategy was metacognitive (X=3,98), followed by cognitive strategy (X=3,47), compensation strategy (X=3,38), affective strategy (X=3,38), social strategy (X=3,33), and the least frequently used was memory strategy (X=3,30). Suggestions and recommendations were provided for the further research.

Keywords: EFL Learners, Undergraduate Students, Self-Regulated Learning Strategies

CHALLENGES OF ENGLISH TEACHERS IN THE DIGITAL ERA

2024-01-09T01:45:15+07:00

Today's connected knowledge provides teachers and students with fast and easy access to the latest information and communication technology (ICT). The time has come to equip communities around the world with digital literacy skills. English teachers are no exception to the ability to access, analyze, and engage with digital technology and its varieties to support their students in learning. In the digital era where an English teacher is one of the users who also utilize its sophisticated tools, they need not only acquire digitalized pedagogical skills but also the ability to use these skills smartly. One way this can be achieved is by improving teachers’ ICT skills as well as their attitude toward the ICT itself. The objective of this paper is to review and elaborate on how English teachers integrate digital technology to create innovative instructional learning models to face the age of digital learning, then how well-prepared they are. In addition, this paper also provides a recommendation to the authorities concerning the facility and digitized school infrastructures to have ICT more integrated into education settings.

The Role of ICT in Enhancing Speaking Skills in Extramural English Context

2024-01-09T17:05:13+07:00

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has played a pivotal role in education, particularly in English Language Teaching (ELT), by simplifying students’ learning process and facilitating teachers’ teaching strategies. Numerous ICTs have been utilized and found effective in enhancing speaking skills not just constrained in the confines of the classroom. Thus, this literature review delves into the multifaceted role of ICT in enhancing students’ speaking skills within the unique realm of Extramural English (EE). By synthesizing several relevant studies published within the last 10 years, it navigates through various ICT tools to enhance speaking skills, illuminating the manifold benefits of ICT in EE. The findings underscore the significance of ICT tools such as videoconferencing platforms, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), social media, and digital games to enhance students’ speaking skills. The effectiveness of ICT is heightened when integrated into EE activities, which fosters an autonomous learning process, including independent and self-directed learning. Consequently, teachers are highly recommended to provide more opportunities for students to engage in various ICTs in EE.

Keywords: ICT, Extramural English, Speaking Skills

Students’ Motivation in Using Quizizz for Assessment

2024-01-09T02:16:23+07:00

This research aims to analyze the level of students' motivation and the differences in motivation components between male and female students in the academic year 2021. The researcher used the questionnaire as the instrumentation. The researcher used totally sampling to choose the sample. The sample of this research consists of 96 students which are from English education and non-English education study program at Universitas Negeri Padang. In this study, the researcher use quantitative descriptive research as the research design. There were six subcomponents of motivation in this research i.e. intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, task value, control of learning beliefs, self-efficacy for learning and performance, and task anxiety. The findings of the data analysis showed that students have high motivation levels. Females have a higher motivation level than males. It is shown by the mean score and the standard deviation.

Keywords: motivation, quizizz, online assessment

PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ PERSPERCTIVE ABOUT USING GOOGLE TRANSLATE IN VOCABULARY BUILDING

2024-01-16T14:04:28+07:00

This study aims to investigate the extent to which Indonesian students rely on Google Translate (GT) as a tool for learning English. The benefits of using Google Translate in students are to develop their vocabulary. The research approach used surveys for researcher-participant interaction. The participants used in this research are purpose participants who refer to 36 third-semester students of English education. We used qualitative research methods, which involved a questionnaire as an instrument. The preliminary study results prove that some students still use Google Translate to find new vocabulary. This research will open up new perspectives on digital tools for vocabulary building.

Keywords: Pre-Service Teachers, Google Translate, Vocabulary Building, EFL Student

EFL LEARNERS’ DIGITAL STORYTELLING-BASED TASKS ON TIKTOK APPS: ENCOUNTERED PROBLEMS IN ELT LISTENING AND SPEAKING CLASSROOM

2024-01-09T02:47:50+07:00

This study aims at finding out causes and problems solving encountered by the thirty EFL Learners of the third semester at the University of Timor (Unimor) Kefamenanu, NTT-Indonesia. To collect the data needed, the researcher applied descriptive qualitative study with questionnaire and interview based on the students’ story telling about their “Summer Vacation” on TikTok videos. A Semi-structured interview for data collection was applied to collect the data needed. The descriptive evidence indicated that mostly students encountered challenges on both linguistic and nonlinguistic issues when delivering their stories on TikTok apps. Typical languagerelated problems encompass inadequacies as such grammar used, words choices and or lack of vocabularies and still there few poor pronunciation. While the nonlinguistics problems encountered are anxiety & lack of confidence. The elements contributing to the issue of English speaking and listening in this investigation included diminished motivation, insufficient practice, and apprehension about committing errors. Addressing the challenges of English speaking and listening involves enhancing grammar improvement, pronunciation both British and American accents. Yet, the EFL learners believe that incorporating tasks based on digital storytelling enhances their motivation and facilitates the development of ideas and collaborate in pairs of self-evaluation on their TikTok videos as well as their chosen partners’ TikTok videos. This action done to see the students’ critical thinking in their interpretive and critical listening. Last but not least, the majority of students held a positive views regarding the use of TikTok apps in improving their listening and speaking skills. They expressed favorable sentiments, considering TikTok to be an engaging, fascinating, inspiring, and enjoyable tool for learning.

Keywords: Digital Story-telling, EFL Learners, TikTok Apps

An Analysis of Idiom on the Bridge to Terabithia Movie

2024-01-09T03:11:00+07:00

The aim of this study was to find types and analyze meaning of idiom on the Bridge to Terabithia Movie. To analyze the data, the researchers used qualitative method. In addition, the researchers used data documentary to collect the data, because the data were taken from the dialogues of the Movie. The idioms in the movie were examined using Christopher's theory. Types of idioms used in the movie are prepositional Idiom, Pure Idiom and Partial Idiom Based on Christopher theory of idiom. Not all of the types of idioms used in this movie. There are Binomial idiom, Proverbs, Euphemism and Cliché. There are 34 cases of idiom found in Bridge to Terabithia Movie. There are 17 (56, 7 %) case of Prepositional Idiom, 12 (40 %) case of Pure Idiom and one case of Partial Idiom (3,3 %). The most dominant type of idiom in Bridge to Terabithia movie is Prepositional Idiom, which represent 17 cases with percentage 56, 7 %. This implication of this research is to enrich the vocabulary especially about idioms for readers especially student.

Keywords: Idiom, Bridge to Terabithia Movie, qualitative method

The Impact of School Level and Gender on the Future Existence of the Teaching Profession

2024-01-09T03:36:28+07:00

This study is a descriptive quantitative research that aims to determine the effect of school level and gender on the existence of the teaching profession as a future job. The sample of this study consisted of senior high school students from senior high school, vocational high school, and senior high school, with a total of 90 people. Data were collected from distributing questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the IBM Statistic 24 application: 1) School level has no positive and significant effect on the existence of the teaching profession as a future profession, 2) Gender has a positive and significant effect on the existence of the teaching profession as a future profession, and 3) School level and gender have a negative and significant effect on the existence of the teaching profession as a future profession.

Keywords: school level, gender, the existence of the teaching profession.

Freud's Psychoanalysis In The Short Story "Serupa dan Serapuh" in Indonesian Literary Language Learning

2024-01-09T15:59:23+07:00

The function of literature can be manifested in its utilization as a medium to reinforce the Pancasila profile among high school students. As contemporary educational materials increasingly require the integration of moral values that need to be echoed and instilled in students, many of them have begun to distance themselves from ethical considerations. It is crucial to guide students in distinguishing between right and wrong actions, fostering a collective consciousness, and promoting tolerance. The purpose of this research is to describe Freudian psychoanalysis in the short story "Serupa dan Serapuh" by Valiant Budi and its relevance in Indonesian literature learning. The research methodology employed is qualitative descriptive research. The object of the study is the author's worldview using theories from psychological literary approaches. Data collected, analyzed, and described may include words, sentences, and discourse. Data collection techniques involve reading and note-taking. Based on the findings, the research identifies personality structures in the main character, comprising the id, ego, and super-ego. The emergence of personality dynamics, such as anxiety, is inseparable from the character's personality structure. Defense mechanisms, including repression, reaction formation, and fixation, also manifest in the characters. The relevance of these findings to strengthening the Pancasila profile for students is evident throughout the storyline, character portrayals, story content, language, and the author's intended messages, all of which align closely with the values of the Pancasila student profile.

Keywords: Psychoanalysis, Short Story, Literature Learning

DEVELOPING TEACHERS DIGITAL LITERACY COMPETENCIES THROUGH HYBRID LEARNING

2024-01-09T16:53:20+07:00

Developments in the field of education are one of the factors in the progress of learning. The development of science and information technology in 21st century learning requires digital era competencies and skills for professional teachers. Digital competencies must be possessed by teachers including mastery of information, communication, educational content creation, security, and educational problem solving. Teacher creativity in supporting digital competencies is by developing more dynamic learning models and methods, one of which uses hybrid learning methods. Teachers' digital competence and pedagogical competence in utilizing innovative learning methods still have gaps. This research aims to examine the development of teachers' digital literacy competencies through hybrid learning. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data obtained is using secondary data which is study literature. Based on the research results, teachers' digital competencies have not been implemented optimally, but can be improved through the use of hybrid learning methods by maximizing learning strategies and learning success indicators.

Keywords: Teachers Development, Digital Literacy Competencies, Hybrid Learning

Analyzing Effective Strategies Utilized by Language Learning Platforms

2024-01-09T02:04:21+07:00

The aim of this paper is to explore digital platforms for language learning to improve the English speaking skills of homemakers in North Kerala. This paper reviews the effectiveness of a language learning websites, with a particular reference to ‘English House’ created in Kerala. English House aims to assist Malayali candidates in achieving Speaking fluency in English. They offer a comprehensive range of online and offline classes adapted to meet the individual needs of candidates. English House emphasizes the vital role of continuous language practice in skill acquisition, assesses candidates' knowledge levels, and designing modules through the help of trainers. The trainers use WhatsApp, a widely accessible digital platform for effective teaching practices, enabling candidates to practice language skills anywhere, fostering a flexible learning environment. The presence of dedicated training partners on WhatsApp keeps candidates engaged and interested, while customized language learning activities align with individual interests, creating a personalized and engaging learning experience. One-on-one sessions between trainers and trainees also foster emotional bonds, which are instrumental in language acquisition. These innovative approaches and tools can be smoothly integrated into traditional classroom environments to increase and enrich language teaching, providing a bridge between traditional and digital learning methods.

Keywords: Digital Platform, WhatsApp, Language Learning, Homemakers

THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING ANXIETY: THE DESCRIPTIVE OF COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION, TEST ANXIETY AND FEAR OF NEGATIVE EVALUATION

2024-01-14T16:12:41+07:00

The study sought to investigate the description of learning anxiety of foreign language in three component : fear of communication apprehension, test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. Subjects of this research were 40 students of english department and 47 students of arabic department. The learning anxiety scale is used to collect the data. It is adapted based on learning anxiety scale of FLCAS (Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale) developed by Horwitz et al in 1986, consisting of 33 items. Analysis of descriptive by using SPSS 25 as applied to analyze the data. The result of the analysis shows that foreign language learning anxiety among English department students are 24.4 % high, 73,2% medium and 2,4% low. The foreign language learning anxiety among Arabic department students are 17 high, 78,7 % medium and 4,3% low. The research found the anxiety of communication apprehension among students of English department are 36.6% high, 61% medium and 2.4% low. The anxiety of communication apprehension among students of Arabic department are 21.3% high, 76.6 % medium and 2.1 % low. The aspect of test anxiety among students of English department are 4.9% high, 75.6 medium and 19.5 low. The result of anxiety among students of Arabic department are are 10.6% high, 85.1% medium and 4.3% low. The aspect of Fear of negative evaluation among university students of English department are 39% high, 58.5% medium and 2.4% low. The aspect of Fear of negative evaluation among students of Arabic department are 31.9% high, 63.8 % medium and 4.3% low.

Keywords: learning anxiety, foreign language learning, communication apprehension, test anxiety, negative evaluation

DEVELOPING ANIMATED DUBBING VIDEOS AS LEARNING MEDIA IN ENGLISH SPEAKING AT THE TENTH-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA PANGUDI LUHUR

2024-01-09T02:34:55+07:00

This study aims to develop a learning video in the form of animated dubbing videos and to determine the validity and feasibility of learning videos in building English-speaking skills in class X students at SMA Pangudi Luhur. The development method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and evaluation). After the animated video dubbing was developed, a validity test was carried out by 1 media expert and 1 material expert, and a practicality test was carried out by 1 educator to test the feasibility of using animated video dubbing. The results showed that animated video dubbing was valid and appropriate for use in learning, with the validity percentage of media experts at 88.25% (very valid) and material experts at 96.50% (very valid). The results of the data analysis using SPSS indicate that animated dubbed videos are effective in improving students' speaking abilities. This is demonstrated by a significant improvement between students' pre-test and post-test scores. Animated video dubbing can improve students' English-speaking skills. Students show interest and active participation in the use of animated video dubbing, as measured by student response questionnaires. The results of the student response questionnaire obtained a score of 65.80%, which showed students were interested and enthusiastic about the animated video dubbing used. Positive student responses to animated video dubbing indicate that this learning media can be an effective tool for enhancing narrative text learning in the classroom.

Keywords : Animated dubbing videos, speaking, narrative text.

INVESTIGATING EFL LECTURERS' PERCEPTION AND STRATEGIES IN ENHANCING EFFECTIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: A CASE STUDY

2024-01-26T10:58:55+07:00

Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) needs a strategy and an approach to enhance the effective teaching process. This research aims to gain deeper insight into effective methods of teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in a university context. This study used case study research involving structured interviews via Google form with four EFL lecturers at Universitas Muslim Buton, Baubau, Southeast Sulawesi. The data in this study used a thematic analysis. The results of this study reveal a rich understanding of the views and teaching strategies used by EFL lecturers. In interviews, the lecturers outlined teaching approaches they believed were effective in improving students' English language skills, how they select the learning materials and the challenges and adjustments in teaching. This study found that the EFL lecturers use communication-based techniques and the contextual approach in choosing the materials learning to enhance classroom practice. In addition, this research also identifies the challenges EFL lecturers face in implementing these teaching practices and creating an effective learning environment. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide valuable guidance for developing training programs and improving EFL teaching practices in university settings.

Keywords: EFL Lecturer, Perceptions and Strategies, Effective Teaching

CODE-MIXING AND CODE-SWITCHING MANIFESTATION IN COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC) – AN ANALYSIS ON THE WRITTEN INTERACTION BETWEEN ENGLISH DEPARTMENT MEMBERS

2024-01-09T03:01:25+07:00

Code-mixing (CM) and code-switching (CS) are common patterns that can be observed in the spoken and written language among multilingual speakers. The manifestation of code-mixing and code-switching in Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) is inevitable in the wake of the technological waves that pervaded everyday’s interactions. CMC is defined as any form of communication via the usage of two or more electronic devices, which includes the interaction using social media platforms and applications like WhatsApp and WeChat. This study observes the instances of the code-mixing and code-switching occurrences in the CMC between USAS’ English Language Department members. The data collected is analysed to determine the pattern and the factors influencing the mixing and switching to happen. The analysed CMC data is derived from the text message conversations of the Department’s WhatsApp group over the span of 16 days; of the heaviest traffic use. This study also examines the languages (and derivatives) used in the code-switching, and explore the factors contributing to the manifestation.

Keywords: Computer-Mediated Communication, CMC, code-switching, code-mixing, bi/multilingualism

AN EVALUATION OF READING MATERIALS IN “INTERCHANGE 1 FOURTH EDITION” TEXTBOOK FOR TENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

2024-01-09T03:25:12+07:00

This research aims to give evaluation for Interchange I fourth edition textbook published by Cambridge in 2012 related to the investigation of good reading materials and perception of the teachers. The good reading materials criteria are employed by Patel and Jain (2008) good reading material. This research occupied a descriptive-qualitative method with a checklist and interview. The results indicated the reading material in Interchange I fourth edition is qualified as good reading materials. In addition, the results from the interview presents the perception of the teachers.

Keywords: reading materials, textbooks, material evaluations

PROMOTING EFFECTIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING PRACTICES FOR HOTEL STAFF: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

2024-01-09T04:17:15+07:00

The hotel, hospitality, and tourism industries have rapidly developed over the past few years. English skills are undoubtedly required in these industries, especially for those who work in five-star and international hotels, including the ones located in Indonesia. It turns out, however, that many hotel staff seem to have a lack of appropriate English language use competence in their workplace. Having taught English to hotel staff for almost two years, it revealed that only a few of them can communicate in English appropriately. Some of the staff do not even know how to make sentences in English. Taking this phenomenon into account, effective English language teaching practices are urgently needed and therefore, this study attempts to discuss some strategies to promote effective English language teaching practices for hotel staff. The strategies were investigated by interviewing the hotel staff who attended an English class held by a five-star hotel located in South Jakarta, Indonesia. The interview consisted of open questions which resulted in significant data on what makes most of the hotel staff unable to communicate in English appropriately, how the teacher should teach the hotel staff, and lastly, what should be discussed and learned during the teaching and learning sessions.

Keywords: English, hotel staff, teaching strategies

Teaching a Bilingual Class for Lower Primary Level: Challenges and Strategies

2024-01-09T16:39:07+07:00

Bilingual education is a system of education that uses two languages as classroom instruction. The demand for bilingual schools has increased quite significantly in Indonesia. Yet, bilingual teachers often face challenges in teaching bilingual classes especially those teaching at lower primary level. This study seeks to understand a teacher’s challenges and strategies in teaching a bilingual class. Adopting a qualitative case study with a first-grade primary school teacher as the participant, data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated two major kinds of challenges: internal and external. Similarly, the strategies adopted corresponded two the teacher’s internal and external motivations. This study suggests that bilingual teachers need to be provided with ample guidance and supervision in their bilingual classroom practice in order to create impactful learning. Further, collaboration between the school, teachers and parents is also necessary for the program to run smoothly.

Keywords: bilingual education, lower primary level, teacher’s challenges, and strategies

MULTIMODALITY MATTERS FOR AN ENGLISH TEACHER YOUTUBER!: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF A RAMADAN VOCABULARY LESSON VIDEO

2024-01-09T01:51:29+07:00

YouTube has been one of the prominent and significant social media platforms used for many purposes in various fields in recent times, particularly without doubt in the English language teaching field too. To make use of it effectively, teacher YouTubers are required to take into account several factors. One of which is the use of more than one semiotic resource in delivering their messages. Nevertheless, to the best of the writers’ knowledge, prior studies inspecting the meanings made by a teacher YouTuber within a systemic functional multimodal discourse approach were found to be limited, particularly those that address a vocabulary lesson about Ramadan by a native teacher. Thus, the present study is intended to investigate the ways a male
native teacher YouTuber makes meanings through such a social media platform, YouTube. A systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis focused on the ideational meaning was employed to analyse the artifact, an English vocabulary lesson
video about Ramadan. Three types of semiotic resources comprising the language, gesture, and picture used by the male English native teacher YouTuber in the video lesson will be investigated. The findings reveal that the ideational meanings were realised through a number of processes or representations. The relational processes were the most frequently realisations found for language. For gestures, the ideational meanings were commonly realised through the indexical action to represent relation
and the symbolic attributive for pictures. Both co-contextualising and recontextualising relations were found among the realisations of the three semiotic resources. It was highly recommended that the use of more than one semiotic resource
was employed so as to make the messages were intelligible and accessible.

Keywords: Gesture, Image, Speech, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Systemic Functional Multimodal Discourse Analysis

Challenges in the Integration of Digital Literacy in English Language Teaching

2024-01-09T17:10:53+07:00

With the tremendous technological developments of this century blurring the line between online and offline activities, the emergence of the digital world is inevitable. By the proliferation of new technologies, digital awareness for the safe, appropriate and efficient selection and management of digital resources for digital learning education is becoming important. In the context of English Language Teaching, the proportion of ICT in the learning process is increasingly high. However, there may be some barriers that affect the familiarity and motivation of the relevant learning components. To answer the research question on challenging aspect of the integration of digital literacy in ELT, a systematic review of 20 articles sourced from Google scholar is executed. It reveals that the challenges are generally resulted from students, teachers, and schools’ preparedness; which involves low operational skill; limited access to computer and internet; and the lack of proper learning materials that covers media literacy.

Keywords: Digital Literacy, English Language Teaching, Systematic Literature Review

DEVELOPMENT OF MULTILINGUAL E-TEXTBOOK ABOUT MADURA HISTORY FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

2024-01-09T02:22:11+07:00

This development research aimed to: (1) reveal the feasibility of the multilingual etextbook about Madura from material, media and language aspects (2) reveal the effectiveness of the multilingual e-textbook about Madura in learning process. This
research refers to the developmental phases that were developed by Alessi and Trollip consisting of three development procedures, namely: (1) planning (2) design (3) development. This research produces multilingual e-textbook about Madura into three languages there are Bahasa, English and Bahasa Madura. The feasibility result score for content aspect was 4.23 (very decent), media aspect 4.24 (very decent) and language aspect was 4.24 (very decent). Affectivity test using learning outcome test, it is shown that 83.8% of the students able to solve the test more than the minimum score.

Keywords: Multilingual, E-textbook, Madura History

THE EXPLORATION OF DUOLINGO APPLICATION FOR VOCABULARY BUILDING OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS

2024-01-16T16:12:07+07:00

This study aims to explore the use of the Duolingo Application for English vocabulary building for Pre-service English teachers at a private University in Jakarta. It uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to these prospective teachers. The questionnaire is to obtain comprehensive information from the respondents. There are five main aspects. The first is the evaluation of the effectiveness of using the Duolingo App in their vocabulary building. Second, it is an assessment of the ease of using the Duolingo Application as a learning tool. Third, the features in the application are evaluated, which one is the most useful for Vocabulary Building. Fourth is responses about barriers or obstacles that may be encountered in using the application to enrich English vocabulary. Finally, it is about the proposed solutions to overcome the obstacles. Data collection is at the university environment, particularly among Pre-service teachers who have experience in using Duolingo. The data analysis will involve quantitative descriptive methods to present the findings descriptively and provide an in-depth picture of the extent of utilization of the Duolingo App for Vocabulary building. The result is to provide an overview of the extent of utilization of the Duolingo App specifically for vocabulary building.

Keywords: Duolingo, Vocabulary building, Pre-service English teachers

THE FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION ANXIETY IN AN ONLINE ESP COURSE CONTEXT

2024-01-09T02:52:57+07:00

Foreign language communication anxiety (FLCA) has already been recognized as one of the most debilitating affective factors that can hinder L2 learning and acquisition. The current study aimed at establishing the factorial structure of FLCA in the context of online teaching of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The research was conducted on a sample of 103 second- and third-year undergraduate university students of Economics, Business economics and Informatics at the Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Croatia. The research instrument used was a 22-item questionnaire adapted from the Extended Foreign Language Communication Anxiety Measure (FLCA-22) (Guntzviller et al., 2016) to reflect the online ESP classroom environment. The main results indicate that L2 communication anxiety is indeed present even among more experienced EFL learners. The research further establishes the underlying two-factor structure of FLCA, with both latent variables showing statistically significant positive correlations with the overall levels of FLCA: physical anxiety and fear of making mistakes, and comprehension anxiety and feelings of incompetence. Both the modified 22-item scale and the subscales extracted through factor analysis demonstrate high levels of internal consistency. The modified version of the FLCA scale is thus confirmed to be highly reliable in measuring L2 communication anxiety among online ESP learners at tertiary level of education.

Keywords: foreign language communication anxiety (FLCA); L2 communication anxiety; English for Specific Purposes (ESP); online ESP learners; synchronous ESP classes; online language teaching

ENGAGING THE ADULT ELS: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF GAMIFICATION’S IMPACT OM MOTIVATION AND LEARNING EFFICACY IN BEGINNER ELS GRAMMAR CLASSROOM

2024-01-09T03:15:59+07:00

This study investigates the impact of gamification on motivation, engagement, and assessment anxiety among adult learners in an ESL grammar classroom. With the increasing adoption of digital learning tools, understanding their effects on adult learners, especially in language acquisition, is crucial. Participants in this study were adult learners at a beginner English proficiency level, who engaged in a grammar assessment through the Kahoot platform. The assessment included various grammar tasks designed to evaluate comprehension and retention. Employing thematic analysis of the data revealed significant findings: gamification led to improved motivation and engagement, enhanced visual learning, decreased test anxiety, and heightened enjoyment. These outcomes suggest that integrating gamification into ESL grammar teaching can create a more dynamic and inclusive learning environment, catering to diverse learning styles. The research underscores the potential of gamification not just in teaching, but also in evaluating student comprehension effectively. The study calls for further studies to explore the long-term impacts of gamification and its applicability across different stages of ESL learning.

Keywords: ESL grammar, Adult learning, gamification, motivation, test anxiety

Communicative Language Teaching in Indonesia in the 21st Century Through Perspective of Critical Theory

2024-01-09T03:41:32+07:00

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method is implemented in English language teaching in the 21st century. In Indonesia, CLT method is developed and adapted in learning model and based on the needs of students. The purpose of this study is intended to present the reasons of using CLT method in English Language Teaching (ELT), identifying its application in Indonesia in the 21st century, and finding the benefits of CLT method for teaching and learning from a critical theory perspective. It can help language teachers who are looking for ideas to enhance their teaching. In this study, qualitative descriptive research was used. The researcher reviewed some current publications such as journals, articles, virtual resources and internet access which focusses the CLT method. Based on the result, the main reason of CLT is to develop students’ skills so they need to communicate effectively in social situations by involving them in engaging and relevant learning activities. While the students can apply the CLT method through consistent oral practice, student-to-student interaction, and teamwork. Additionally, the CLT method learning produces some benefits to support a student-centered approach, increase student engagement, encourage lesson flexibility and creativity, and to develop all fundamental language skills.

Keywords: CLT, Critical theory, Learning model, Students’ needs, The 21st century

Training Abroad on Developing E-portfolio for Thai Teachers: Lessons Learned

2024-01-09T16:14:17+07:00

International programs by university lecturers in Indonesia, both research and community service, are currently highly encouraged. This kind of international program is believed to provide many benefits such as: increasing cooperation networks both academically and non-academically. In its implementation, not all international programs run smoothly as planned. There are various problems faced by the organizers caused by differences in language, culture, rules, etc. This article will reveal the author's experience in organizing an international training program on developing electronic portfolio ( e-portfolio) especially for English and Arabic teachers in Thailand, covering challenges and lessons learned that come with it. This study uses a qualitative narrative approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique is based on the theory of Miles and Huberman which includes: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings of this study are the constraints and lessons that can be drawn from this training. Some of the obstacles faced are preparation that requires sufficient time, language barriers, and differences in culture and rules in the two countries. Some lessons that can be taken from this experience are: international programs require sufficient time and careful preparation, it needs language mastery for facilitators according to the language of the trainees, and the rules and culture of the partner country or school need to be understood so that there is no misunderstanding between the organizer and the partner.

Keywords : international program, electronic portfolio, training for teachers, challenges, lessons learned

English Teacher’s Competence in Digital Era: A Study on the Development of Teacher’s Ability to Assess Learning Achievement in Pendidikan Profesi Guru

2024-01-09T01:02:05+07:00

In digital era, internet, computer, mobile phone, application, ChatGPT, googling, etc. affect education. Googling can translate texts from Indonesian into English and vice versa. It can be used to seek information about linguistics. ChatGPT is able to generate ideas, edit, find main idea, write a summary of English text and do many others. Assessment is useful in providing feedback, developing instructional materials and selecting suitable teaching technique. This paper is intended to describe how Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG), as in-service training program, develop English teachers’ assessment competence and to what extent the program accommodate current digital technology. Fifteen English teachers attending the PPG were taken as participants. Data were taken from the observation transcripts, lesson plans and teaching materials. Assessment theory and digital technology information were used as the data analysis perspective. The study shows that (1) the English teacher’s
assessment competence is deviated from linguistic, language learning, and language teaching methods theories, (2) technology product effect on test taker has not yet been considered in the language learning, (3) the teachers’ assessment competence is affected by the PPG’s programs which does not provide them with the knowledge of the interrelationship among linguistic, language learning and language teaching method theories, and which has not yet taken the technology effect on test taker into their training program. In order to increase the teacher’s assessment competence, it
is suggested that the PPG should be reorganized by accommodating linguistic, language learning, language teaching methods, and technology effect on assessment.

Key Words: Assessment, Digital, Language, English, Competence, In-Service Training

Vocabulary Learning Strategies Through Short Stories

2024-01-09T17:00:16+07:00

The study envisages the use of short stories to enrich the vocabulary acquisition of elementary school students through the deployment of strategies with the help of dictionaries. The study aims to improve the vocabulary acquisition of elementary school students by suggesting suitable materials appropriate for their age, interest, and vicinity. Vocabulary learning strategies with the help of dictionaries have significantly influenced vocabulary acquisition in elementary school students. Thus, the study utilizes dictionary learning strategies from "Effective Language Teaching Practices" as a technique to be deployed while short stories reading to create awareness among the students about the new vocabulary and content encountered in reading. Therefore, the study suggests effective teaching methods to utilize dictionary learning strategies while reading short stories to improve the vocabulary learning of students.

Keywords: Vocabulary, Short Stories, Language, Strategies, Dictionary

Tour Guiding Practice: English Speaking Learning Phenomenon for Tour & Travel Students

2024-01-09T02:10:02+07:00

Tour guiding is an essential subject for Tour & Travel students at Trisakti Institute of Tourism, Jakarta. The subject is a practical credit class where students will act as a guide and deliver information in two-way communication in English during the trip. Aim of the paper is to study the English learning phenomenon during practical class subject of tour guiding. It used a qualitative method to explore English learning process during tour guiding, and it is analyzed by Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA). Findings show that English learning in tour guiding practice applied to opportunity to practice English speaking in tour guiding, assignments as tour guide on the itinerary, and internalization to mindset.

Keywords: tour guide, opportunity to practice, assignments, internalization to mindset, interpretative phenomenology analysis, out of town tour

English as a Foreign Language Learning from the Students' Mental Health Point of View

2024-01-15T10:37:54+07:00

This study aims to see how individual factors (self-efficacy, belief, and motivation) play a role in the anxiety experienced by students in learning English. The survey used quantitative in approach and the instrument of data collection is a questionnaire. The respondents were the first semester students who are learning English at Public Heath in a private university in Jakarta by adopting purposive cluster sampling technique. The preliminary research showed that the variables self-efficacy, belief, and motivation related to the anxiety in learning English that was part of mental health. The students will be individuals who try to find learning English strategies that are suitable for themselves.

Keywords: EFL learners, Anxiety, University student, Mental health, Language Learning Strategies

META EVALUATION PRACTICE IN AN ENGLISH DISTANT TRAINING PROGRAM IN JAKARTA

2024-01-09T02:40:54+07:00

Meta-evaluation is a means used to aggregate findings from a series of evaluations. It could be said like an audit of certain evaluation results using particular standards and criteria. The practice of meta-evaluation has not been widely carried out in the world, even more in learning programs organized by government institutions in Indonesia. This study is intended to evaluate the results of evaluation of a distant training program namely PJJ English for Customs Officers (EFCO Training) at Pusdiklat Keuangan Umum (General Finance Education and Training Center) or GFETC of Indonesia Ministry of Finance as the object of research. The study is expected to answer whether the evaluation of EFCO training meets the requirements of the utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy standards. Three meta-evaluators (1 internal and 2 external) gave a Yes or No tick to 290 items in the Meta Evaluation Checklist after they analyze the qualitative and quantitative evaluation data (documents) from the Reaction Evaluation (Level 1 Kirkpatrick Evaluation) and Learning Result Evaluation (Level 2 Kirkpatrick Evaluation) using Stufflebeam’s Program Evaluation Standards. The conclusion is that Level 1 and Level 2 (Kirkpatrick) evaluation of EFCO training met the standards of utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy. Another conclusion is that the implementation of meta-evaluation enables GFETC to indicate specific aspects of a training program that need to be improved in quality, and that meta evaluation can be used for quality assurance and decision making. The limitation of the research is that it has not been used to evaluate Level 3 and Level 4 of Kirkpatrick’s evaluation and that no panel review with stakeholders is conducted after the meta evaluation is completed. Recommendations of the research are the refined translation of standard items to check all the 4 levels of Kirkpatrick’s evaluation and that the research should be conducted for more training programs within longer period of evaluation.

Keywords: meta-evaluation, 4 level Kirkpatrick’s evaluation, utility, feasibility, propriety, accuracy

DIGITAL LITERACY LEVEL AMONG ENGLISH PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS

2024-02-06T18:41:09+07:00

Digital literacy is the ability to obtain, understand and use information that comes from various sources in digital form (Gilster, 1997). Along with the rapid development of information and communication technology, as well as the demands of the Indonesian Republic law number 14 of 2005, professional teachers are required to not only be able to utilize digital technology but also assess the validity of information obtained from digital sources. Gilster states that there are 4 aspects of competence so that someone is said to be digitally literate, the four aspects are aspects of internet searches, aspects of hypertext direction, aspects of evaluating information content, and aspects of knowledge preparation. This paper aims to analyze the level of digital literacy ability of professional teachers. The study used a quantitative method through Likert- scale questionnaires. The population in this study were all English professional teachers who graduated from a private university. The study found that research participants showed high levels of digital literacy and preparedness to use digital technology. Thus, by integrating digital technology, those professional teachers might meet the digital literacy standards of professional English instructors while also improving the quality of English teaching and learning output.

Keywords: Critical-Creative Thinking, Questioning. Young Learners