Sanus Medical Journal

The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Stunting in Children: A Review

Irena Ujianti, Etty F Mustifah, Leli Hesti Indriyati — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Iron deficiency anemia and stunting are two serious public health issues affecting millions of children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Both conditions impact the health and development aspects of children, but recent studies indicate a link between the two conditions. Objective: This article aims to study and investigate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and the occurrence of stunting in children. Moreover, it will identify the main causative factors and propose intervention strategies to address and reduce the prevalence of these two nutritional problems. Methods: This summary is based on a literature review regarding the impact of iron deficiency anemia and stunting in children, as well as the relationship between them. Results: Iron deficiency anemia is associated with a reduced oxygen transport capacity in the blood, affecting the cognitive and physical development of children. Conclusion: The impact of stunting results from chronic undernutrition manifested in disproportionate physical growth, especially shorter stature compared to age standards. Studies show a correlation between iron deficiency and a higher chance of experiencing stunting.

Suboptimal complementary feeding practices as a driver of stunting: a risk factor analysis in children aged 12 -24 months

Siti Wahyu Windarti Maduka, Zulfan Febriawan — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction: Stunting has been a national problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunting in Bangkalan Regency was 26.2% based on the 2022 SSGI results. The government's target is to reduce the stunting rate to 14% by 2024. The WHO has set the global target for stunting prevalence below 20%. Inappropriate complementary feeding is one of the factors causing stunting in children. Aims: To determine the relationship between inappropriate complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting among children aged 12-24 months in Bangkalan Regency. Method: This research used an observational analytic, case-control design. A total of 12-to 24-month-old children were divided into two groups: a case group (stunting children) and a control group (normal children). The study was conducted from December 2024 to May 2025 at the Children's Outpatient Clinic of Anna Medika Madura Hospital. Statistical analysis using Chi-Square with a significance value of p<0.05. Results: A total of 50 children in the case group and 50 in the control group. Boys were 59%, with an average age of 16.94 months. The results indicate the five parameters of complementary feeding, namely introduction of complementary feeding (p=0.003), feeding frequency (p=0.004), texture of complementary feeding (p=0.03), content of complementary feeding (p<0.001) and quantity of complementary feeding given (p=0.001) have a significant relationship in the case group with the incidence of stunting among children aged 12-24 months in Bangkalan Regency. Conclusion: There is a relationship between inappropriate complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting among children aged 12-24 months in Bangkalan Regency.

Pendahuluan: Stunting telah menjadi masalah nasional di Indonesia. Prevalensi stunting di Kabupaten Bangkalan adalah 26,2% berdasarkan hasil SSGI tahun 2022. Target pemerintah adalah mengurangi angka stunting menjadi 14% pada tahun 2024. WHO telah menetapkan target global untuk prevalensi stunting di bawah 20%. Pemberian makanan pendamping yang tidak tepat merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab stunting pada anak. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian makanan pendamping yang tidak tepat dan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12-24 bulan di Kabupaten Bangkalan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain kasus kontrol. Sebanyak anak usia 12-24 bulan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: kelompok kasus (anak stunting) dan kelompok kontrol (anak normal). Penelitian ini dilakukan dari Desember 2024 – Mei 2025 di Klinik Rawat Jalan Anak di Rumah Sakit Anna Medika Madura. Analisis statistik menggunakan Chi-Square dengan nilai signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil: Sebanyak 50 anak dalam kelompok kasus dan 50 anak dalam kelompok kontrol. Anak laki-laki berjumlah 59%, dengan usia rata-rata 16,94 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lima parameter pemberian makanan pendamping, yaitu usia awal pemberian makanan pendamping (p=0,003), frekuensi pemberian makanan pendamping (p=0,004), tekstur makanan pendamping (p=0,03), kandungan makanan pendamping (p<0,001) dan jumlah makanan pendamping yang diberikan (p=0,001) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan pada kelompok kasus dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12-24 bulan di Kabupaten Bangkalan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pemberian makanan pendamping yang tidak tepat dan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12-24 bulan di Kabupaten Bangkalan.

Beban Pikiran dan Mahkota yang Gugur: Fenomena Telogen Effluvium pada Mahasiswi Kedokteran

Putri Iftinan Azhar, Etty Farida Mustifah, Joko Susanto — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background : Stress is a disease that is often experienced by people in the world. Hair loss is one of the effects of stress which is known to be more susceptible to women. The high burden on medical students can trigger stress which can trigger hair loss. Objective : To determine the relationship between stress levels and the incidence of telogen effluvium in students at the Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University, Prof. Dr. HAMKA. Method : This research uses a cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out using the PSS-10 questionnaire instrument and the excessive telogen hair loss questionnaire which had been tested for validity and reliability. A total of 63 samples were taken using the proportional random sampling method. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test via the SPSS version 25 application. Results : Obtained a P value of 0.002 (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion : There is a significant relationship between stress levels and the incidence of telogen effluvium in students at the Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University, Prof. Dr. HAMKA.

Latar Belakang : Stres merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sering dialami orang di dunia. Kerontokan rambut menjadi salah satu dampak stres yang diketahui lebih rentan terjadi pada perempuan. Tingginya beban pada mahasiswi kedokteran dapat memicu stres yang bisa memicu kerontokan rambut. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan kejadian telogen effluvium pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan instrumen kuesioner PSS-10 dan kuesioner kerontokan rambut telogen berlebih yang sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Sebanyak 63 sampel diambil dengan metode proportional random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov melalui aplikasi SPSS versi 25. Hasil : Didapatkan nilai P sebesar 0.002 (P ≤ 0,05). Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara tingkat stres dengan kejadian telogen effluvium pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA

Integrasi Nilai Syariah dalam Pelayanan Medis: Analisis Persepsi dan Praktik Tenaga Kesehatan

Fauzia Muhammad, Endy Muhammad Astiwara, Andi Erlina — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Based on the Decree of the National Sharia Council–MUI No. 13/DSN-MUI/III/2017, Sharia-compliant medical service standards include recitation of basmallah and hamdallah, maintaining patient modesty, same-gender medical procedures, scheduling elective surgeries outside prayer times, Islamic communication and education, and informed consent for non-halal pharmaceutical products. This study aims to analyze the relationship between medical personnel's perception of Sharia-based medical service standards and their implementation, as well as to identify the most influential factors. The research was conducted at YARSI Hospital Jakarta using a mixed-method explanatory design, collecting quantitative data from 76 medical staff via Likert-scale questionnaires and qualitative data through in-depth interviews with general medical specialists. The results showed that medical personnel had a positive perception of Sharia-compliant medical services, which was also reflected in good implementation. The most dominant factors were a supportive work environment, followed by training and spiritual conviction. A strong positive perception can overcome barriers and challenges, positively impacting implementation quality.

Berdasarkan Keputusan Dewan Syariah Nasional–MUI No.13/DSN-MUI/III/2017, standar pelayanan medis sesuai syariah mencakup pembacaan basmallah dan hamdallah, penjagaan aurat, prosedur medis sesuai gender, penjadwalan operasi tidak terbentur waktu salat, komunikasi edukasi Islami, serta informed consent untuk produk non-halal. Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan persepsi tenaga medis terhadap standar pelayanan medis syariah dengan implementasinya, serta mengidentifikasi faktor dominan yang memengaruhinya. Dilakukan di RS YARSI Jakarta dengan mixed-method explanatory design, menggunakan kuesioner dari 76 tenaga medis dan wawancara dengan dokter spesialis medik dasar. Hasil menunjukkan persepsi tenaga medis yang baik berpengaruh pada implementasi yang baik. Faktor dominan adalah lingkungan kerja yang mendukung, pelatihan, dan keyakinan spiritual. Persepsi positif mampu mengatasi hambatan, berdampak pada kualitas implementasi yang baik.

Visualizing cognitive load and mnemonic encoding: a comparative QEEG study on traditional lecturing and digital multimedia instruction

Brithania Zelvira, Gea Pandhita S, Erlin Listiyaningsih — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background. Various teaching strategies impact cognitive functions differently. These methods influence concentration and attention, crucial for information assimilation, processing, and retrieval. This research examines the influence of lecture-based and video-based learning on primary school students' brain activities, using Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG) analysis. Method. The study involved 36 children aged 10-12 years, including 17 boys and 19 girls. Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG) recordings were obtained using the EMOTIV EPOC 14-Channel device. The analysis focused on the frontal, temporal, occipital region, examining delta, theta, alpha, beta, high-beta, beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3 brainwaves. These waveforms were normalized to Z-Scores for comparison. Statistical differences between groups were assessed using t-tests.Result. Post-lecturing and video-based learning, QEEG analyses revealed an enhancement in beta-2 wave activity at F3 and F7 locations. Increase beta wave, suggesting differentiated cognitive engagement patterns between the two learning modalities. Conclusion. Lecturing and video-based learning enhance cognitive engagement, evidenced by elevated alfa and beta wave activity. Lecturing elicits stronger concentration and executive function responses, positioning it as a preferred approach for tasks demanding significant verbal processing and motor planning. Meanwhile showed higher emotional expression, emotional memory, and visual processing activity.

Latar Belakang. Berbagai strategi pengajaran memengaruhi fungsi kognitif secara berbeda. Metode-metode ini memengaruhi konsentrasi dan perhatian, yang sangat penting untuk asimilasi, pemrosesan, dan pengambilan informasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh pembelajaran berbasis ceramah dan berbasis video terhadap aktivitas otak siswa sekolah dasar, menggunakan analisis Elektroensefalogram Kuantitatif (QEEG). Metode. Studi ini melibatkan 36 anak berusia 10-12 tahun, termasuk 17 laki-laki dan 19 perempuan. Rekaman Elektroensefalogram Kuantitatif (QEEG) diperoleh menggunakan perangkat EMOTIV EPOC 14-Channel. Analisis difokuskan pada daerah frontal, temporal, dan oksipital, dengan memeriksa gelombang otak delta, theta, alpha, beta, high-beta, beta-1, beta-2, dan beta-3. Gelombang-gelombang ini dinormalisasi ke Z-Score untuk perbandingan. Perbedaan statistik antar kelompok dinilai menggunakan uji-t.Hasil. Setelah perkuliahan dan pembelajaran berbasis video, analisis QEEG mengungkapkan peningkatan aktivitas gelombang beta-2 di lokasi F3 dan F7. Peningkatan gelombang beta menunjukkan pola keterlibatan kognitif yang berbeda antara kedua modalitas pembelajaran tersebut.Kesimpulan. Perkuliahan dan pembelajaran berbasis video meningkatkan keterlibatan kognitif, dibuktikan dengan peningkatan aktivitas gelombang alfa dan beta. Perkuliahan memicu konsentrasi dan respons fungsi eksekutif yang lebih kuat, menjadikannya pendekatan yang lebih disukai untuk tugas-tugas yang membutuhkan pemrosesan verbal dan perencanaan motorik yang signifikan. Sementara itu, menunjukkan ekspresi emosional, memori emosional, dan aktivitas pemrosesan visual yang lebih tinggi.