Pemetaan Dan Analisis Pola Spasial Kriminalitas Di Indonesia
Abstract
Kriminalitas masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan utama di Indonesia yang perlu diatasi. Berdasarkan data, jumlah kriminalitas dan tingkat resiko kriminalitas di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan menganalisis pola spasial berbagai jenis kriminalitas di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan merupakan data statistik kriminalitas pada rentang waktu tahun 2018 - 2023 yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Pemetaan dilakukan dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), sedangkan analisis pola spasial dilakukan dengan teknik Spatial Autocorrelation (Morans I). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 8 jenis kriminalitas di Indonesia, Provinsi Sumatera Utara tercatat memiliki rerata tertinggi untuk lima jenis kriminalitas, diikuti DKI Jakarta yang memiliki rerata tertinggi untuk dua jenis kriminalitas lainnya, sedangkan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dominan pada satu jenis kriminalitas. Jika dilihat berdasarkan jenis kriminalitas dengan rerata tertinggi di setiap provinsi, ada tiga jenis kriminal yang mendominasi, yaitu kriminalitas terhadap hak milik (25 provinsi), kriminalitas terhadap fisik (3 provinsi), dan kriminalitas terkait narkotika (2 provinsi). Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa ada dua jenis kriminalitas yang memiliki pola clustered, dan enam jenis kriminalitas yang memiliki pola random. Hasil kajian tentang karakteristik kriminalitas dari sudut pandang geografi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi para pembuat kebijakan untuk pengembangan strategi yang lebih adaptif, kontekstual, tepat sasaran, dan spesifik untuk setiap wilayah di Indonesia dalam rangka pencegahan dan pengendalian kriminalitas.
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