Pemetaan Zona Kerawanan Tsunami Berbasis GIS Sebagai Langkah Strategis Dalam Mitigasi Di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Malang
Abstract
Kabupaten Malang berada di kawasan pesisir selatan Jawa yang berhadapan langsung dengan Samudra Hindia dan dipengaruhi aktivitas subduksi Lempeng Indo-Australia terhadap Lempeng Eurasia. Kondisi ini menjadikan wilayah tersebut termasuk dalam zona rawan tsunami yang memerlukan analisis kerawanan secara spasial. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan tingkat kerawanan tsunami serta menyusun arahan mitigasi berbasis data geospasial. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan sistem informasi geografis (SIG) dengan pemanfaatan data Digital Elevation Model Nasional (DEMNAS) dan citra Sentinel-2A. Empat parameter yang dianalisis mencakup elevasi, kemiringan lereng, jarak terhadap sungai, dan jarak terhadap garis pantai. Setiap parameter diolah menggunakan metode scoring–weighting untuk menghasilkan peta zonasi kerawanan. Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan bahwa zona sangat rawan tersebar di Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan, Gedangan, dan Bantur. Karakteristik wilayah pada zona tersebut didominasi bentuk lahan datar dengan elevasi di bawah sepuluh meter dan jarak pantai kurang dari lima ratus meter. Analisis spasial ini menjadi dasar dalam penentuan wilayah prioritas mitigasi tsunami di Kabupaten Malang, mencakup penguatan infrastruktur pelindung, penataan jalur evakuasi, serta pengelolaan ekosistem pantai.
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References
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Amra, R., Araki, S., Geiß, C., & Davies, G. (2025). Error-reduced digital elevation models and high-resolution land cover roughness in mapping tsunami exposure for low elevation coastal zones. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101438
Armono, H. D., Putra, A. R., & Wahyudi. (2021). Analysis of Tsunami Wave Height, Run-up, and Inundation in the Coastal of Blitar and Malang Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 936(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/936/1/012013
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). (2021). Dokumen Kajian Risiko Bencana Nasional Provinsi Riau 2022 - 2026. Kedeputian Bidang Sistem Dan Strategi Direktorat Pemetaan Dan Evaluasi Risiko Bencana, 173.
Baeda, A. Y., Klara, S., Hendra, & Muliyati, R. (2016). Mitigasi bencana tsunami di Pantai Losari Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal JPE, 20(1), 21–28.
Biswas, S., & Sil, A. (2023). Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Analysis of Eastern Coast of India Using GIS-Based Tools. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 27(3), 1270–1287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-1493-y
Bonilauri, E. M., Harris, A. J. L., Morin, J., Ripepe, M., Mangione, D., Lacanna, G., … Deguy, P. (2021). Tsunami evacuation times and routes to safe zones: a GIS-based approach to tsunami evacuation planning on the island of Stromboli, Italy. Journal of Applied Volcanology, 10(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-021-00104-9
Chapkanski, S., Brocard, G., & Lavigne, F. (2022). Fluvial and coastal landform changes in the Aceh River delta (Northern Sumatra) during the century leading to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 47(15), 3201–3220. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5292
Fauzi, Y., Memi Mayasari, Z., Damayanti, S., Washita Dwi Oktitania, C., Andi Jaya, G., & Al Aiyobi, F. (2023). Peningkatan pengetahuan tentang mitigasi bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat LPPM Universitas ’Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, 1, 22–2023.
Gharnate, A., Sanad, H., & Lhaj, M. O. (2025). A Comprehensive Review of Polygenetic Signatures , Methodological Advances , and Implications for Coastal Boulder Deposits ( CBDs ) Assessment. 1–33.
Irawan, L. Y., Islam, S. N., Sumarmi, Ardiansyah, Z. F., Dani, F. A., Fadhlurahman, I., … Farihah, S. N. (2024). GIS Modelling for Prediction of Tsunami Inundation Areas in Coastal Areas of Malang Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1406(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1406/1/012017
Jitt-Aer, K., Wall, G., Jones, D., & Teeuw, R. (2022). Use of GIS and dasymetric mapping for estimating tsunami-affected population to facilitate humanitarian relief logistics: a case study from Phuket, Thailand. Natural Hazards, 113(1), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05295-x
Kardina, D., Susilo, A., & Usman, F. (2025). Mapping Tsunami Disaster Evacuation Routes Based on Geographic Information Systems (Case Study: Tambakrejo Village, Malang Regency, East Java). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(5), 282–293. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11260
Kurniawan, W., Bangun, E., & Prakoso, B. (2021). Estimasi Ancaman Tsunami di Zona Subduksi Sulawesi Bagian Utara Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Bencana Tsunami. PENDIPA Journal of Science Education, 5(2), 204–209. https://doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.5.2.204-209
Lessy, M. R., & Sabar, M. (2021). Mapping Tsunami Vulnerability Area for Bacan Sub-District and Its Surroundings - North Maluku Province. E3S Web of Conferences, 328. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132804024
Marfai, M. A., Khakim, N., Fatchurohman, H., & Salma, A. D. (2021). Planning tsunami vertical evacuation routes using high-resolution UAV digital elevation model: case study in Drini Coastal Area, Java, Indonesia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(19). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08357-9
Muzani, M., Mataburu, I. B., & Tafiati, T. (2024). Vulnerability and tsunami disaster on the west coast Banten province, Indonesia. All Earth, 36(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/27669645.2024.2323355
Pamuji, D., Setiadji, P., & Karapa, E. (2023). Strategi Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Sarmi Dalam Upaya Mitigasi Tsunami. Jurnal MEDIAN Arsitektur Dan Planologi, 13(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.58839/jmap.v13i1.1248
PERKA BNPB No 2 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pedoman Umum Pengkajian Risiko Bencana. Jakarta: BNPB
Pertiwi, W., Bahri, S., Rokhim, S., & Firdhausi, N. F. (2020). Keanekaragaman dan kemerataan jenis Collembola gua di kawasan karst Malang Selatan. Biotropic: The Journal of Tropical Biology, 4(2), 134-139.
Röbke, B. R., & Vött, A. (2017). The tsunami phenomenon. Progress in Oceanography, 159, 296-322.
Shigeru, K., Afifuddin, M., & Al Farizi, M. D. (2025). Compounding the dynamic interactions of sea level rise, tidal levels, and land use changes: A case study of Banda Aceh, 20 years after the 2004 tsunami. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 102, 104315.
Sinaga, T. P. T., Nugroho, A., Lee, Y. W., & Suh, Y. (2011). GIS mapping of tsunami vulnerability: Case study of the Jembrana regency in Bali, Indonesia. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(3), 537–543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-0741-8
Sriyanto, S. P. D., Nurokhim, A., Sulistian, T., Gunawan, I., Sari, R. I., Samapta, B. T., … Harrys, R. M. (2024). Tsunami hazard assessment for the Cilegon industrial zone, Java, Indonesia, by considering various digital elevation model (DEM) datasets and fault source models. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-12133-w
Usman, F., Kurniawan, E. B., Fathoni, M., & Rozikin, M. (2024). Tsunami Disaster Preparedness in Tambakrejo Village, Sumbermanjing Wetan Distric, Malang, Indonesia. Evergreen, 11(2), 1182–1189. https://doi.org/10.5109/7183421
Widowati, U. D., Rachmawati, T. A., & Usman, F. (2024). Menentukan Penduduk Terdampak Berdasarkan Analisis Risiko Bencana Tsunami di Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan Kabupaten Malang. Planning for Urban Region And Environment, 13(3), 251–258.
Wijanarko, T., Tondobala, L., Ontang, F., & Siregar, P. (2022). Mitigasi Bencana Tsunami Di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur Tsunami Disaster Mitigation In The Coastal Area Of East Bolaang.
Yudhicara, Cipta, A., Maemunah, I., Lewu, A. P., & Nurfalah, F. (2023). Indonesian Tsunami Catalog for the Years 416-2021.
Authors
Muhammad Nurul Huda, Nur Kahfi Mukhlisin Anwar, & Solihan. (2026). Pemetaan Zona Kerawanan Tsunami Berbasis GIS Sebagai Langkah Strategis Dalam Mitigasi Di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi Dan Lingkungan (JGEL), 10(1), 14–32. https://doi.org/10.22236/jgel.v10i1.18103
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