Evaluasi Kualitas Airtanah Sebagai Sumber Air Minum Di Sekitar Pabrik Gula Camming Kabupaten Bone
Abstract
Groundwater quality is a critical factor in ensuring the availability of safe drinking water for communities. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of shallow groundwater quality in dug wells around the Camming Sugar Factory. The evaluation results are used to analyze the influence of land use on groundwater quality. This research employs a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The data obtained are interpreted using a scoring method based on Sturges' rule to classify groundwater quality into several categories. Sampling was conducted to measure the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of shallow groundwater. The results were compared with drinking water quality standards issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of the analysis show that the quality of groundwater in Wanuawaru Village is generally safe for human consumption based on physical parameters, with temperatures between 27 and 29°C, color values of 5 to 15 TCU, turbidity of 0.28 to 10.1 NTU, and TDS of around 900 mg/l. However, for chemical parameters, it was found that nitrate levels were below the acceptable limit. Conversely, the iron concentration in Sample 2 exceeded the permissible limit, and water hardness levels in all three samples were significantly higher than the standard. The pH levels fell within the acceptable range for drinking water, and BOD values were well below the threshold. Biological analysis indicated that all samples contained E. coli bacteria exceeding acceptable limits, signaling significant biological contamination. These findings highlight the need for routine monitoring and special attention to iron concentrations and water hardness. Additionally, the implementation of standard-compliant septic tank construction is necessary to prevent bacterial contamination, ensuring that shallow groundwater in the study area meets the standards for drinking water sources.
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References
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Julyane, J., & Rahmawati, I. (2024). Demineralisasi Kalsium (Ca) dan Besi (Fe) pada Air Minum Soft Water Berteknologi Reverse Osmosis (RO). Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy, 2(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.61329/pscp.v2i1.28.
Karismawan, A., Sahdarani, D. N., M.S., M. P., & Prayogi, T. E. (2021). Studi Kualitas Air Tanah Berdasarkan Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Menggunakan Analisis Hidrogeologi dan Hidrokimia di Jakarta Barat. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Sains, 2(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.027%0Ahttps://www.golder.com/insights/block-caving-a-viable-alternative/%0A???
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Meiliyadi, L. A. D., & Syuzita, A. (2022). Sosialisasi Tingkat Pencemaran Air Sumur Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika Di Desa Telagawaru. Jurnal Warta Desa, 4(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.29303/jwd.v4i1.173
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Mushi, M. F., Mpelasoka, O. E., Mazigo, H. D., McLeod, L., Moremi, N., Mirambo, M. M., & Mshana, S. E. (2018). High rate of drinking water contamination due to poor storage in squatter settlements in Mwanza, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 20(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.7
Nakamura, R., & Kondo, T. (2021). Assessing the effect of access to safe drinking water on children’s nutritional status in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Agricultural & Development, 18(2), 55–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2021.18.2.4
Neguez, S., & Laky, D. (2023). Byproduct Formation of Chlorination and Chlorine Dioxide Oxidation in Drinking Water Treatment Their Formation Mechanisms and Health Effects. Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, 67(3), 367–385. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPch.22041
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https://doi.org/10.19184/pgeo.v5i2.34379
Qaiyimah, D., Sudarmadji, & Widyastuti, M. (2016). Kajian Pencemaran Airtanah Bebas di Kelurahan Paccinongan Kecamatan Somba Opu Kabupaten Gowa. UGM.
Rahmanian, N., Ali, S. H. B., Homayoonfard, M., Ali, N. J., Rehan, M., Sadef, Y., & Nizami, A. S. (2015). Analysis of physiochemical parameters to evaluate the drinking water quality in the state of perak, Malaysia. Journal of Chemistry, 2015(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/716125
Rao, N. S., Sunitha, B., Rambabu, R., Rao, P. V. N., Rao, P. S., Spandana, B. D., Sravanthi, M., & Marghade, D. (2018). Quality and degree of pollution of groundwater, using PIG from a rural part of Telangana State, India. Applied Water Science, 8(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0864-x
Ridhosari Dan, B., & Roosmini, D. (2011). Evaluasi Kualitas Air Tanah Dari Sumur Gali Akibat Kegiatan Domestik Di Kampung Daraulin-Desa Nanjung. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 17(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.5614/JTL.2011.17.1.5
Rusmaya, D., Lili Mulyatna, L. M., & Lestari, P. A. (2022). Relationship between Pollutant Sources and Water Quality of Dug Well Based on Biological Parameters of E. Coli. Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management, 6(2), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v6i2.6087
Salim, N. (2022). Water Quality Analysis in a River in Sub Watershed Jatiroto East Java, Indonesia. International Journal of GEOMATE, 22(89), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.21660/2022.89.j2219
Sari, S. Y. I., & Raksanagara, A. (2018). Pilihan dan Persepsi Risiko terhadap Jenis Sumber Air Minum pada Masyarakat Kumuh Perkotaan di Bantaran Sungai Cikapundung Kota Bandung. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 50(3), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v50n3.1433
Sukri, I., Arfan, A., & Nasiah. (2020). Land Evaluation of Fishpond for Cultivating Seaweed Gracilaria sp in Bone Regency. 19(1), 28–37.
Wang, C., Pan, J., Yaya, S., Yadav, R. B., & Yao, D. (2019). Geographic inequalities in accessing improved water and sanitation facilities in Nepal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071269
Aulia, D., Yasnani, & Jumakil. (2022). Identifikasi Bakteri Escherichia coli Pada Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang di Kecamatan Abeli Kota Kendari. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 4, 14–17. https://doi.org/10.37887/jkl-uho.v3i2.27441.
Babich, R., & Van Beneden, R. J. (2019). Effect of arsenic exposure on early eye development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Journal of Applied Toxicology, 39(6), 824–831. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3770.
Badan Pusat Statistika. (2023). Kabupaten Bone Dalam Angka 2023. In BPS Kabupaten Bone. BPS Kabupaten Bone.
Balqis, A. S., Siswoyo, H., & Yuliani, E. (2023). Penilaian Kualitas Air Tanah dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat di Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang. Jurnal Sains Dan Edukasi Sains, 6(2), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v6i2p65-74.
Bhutiani, R., Ahamad, F., & Ram, K. (2021). Quality assessment of groundwater at Laksar Block, Haridwar in Uttarakhand, India using Water Quality Index: A case study. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13(1), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2435.
Canhir, A., Munir, M. A., Sarwadhamana, R. J., & Fatmawati, A. (2024). Uji Cemaran Logam Berat Pada Air Minum Isi Ulang Reverse Osmosis Di Wilayah Kabupaten Bantul Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Visible. Dalton : Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Dan Ilmu Kimia, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31602/dl.v7i1.12950.
Cansa, R. A. M., Januari, A., Rahayuningtyas, U. C., & Putranto, T. T. (2023). Analisis Kerentanan Airtanah Terhadap Pencemaran Menggunakan Metode Drastic di Kabupaten Rembang Bagian Barat. Jurnal Geosains Dan Remote Sensing, 4(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.23960/jgrs.2023.v4i1.116.
Deshpande, V. P., Ahmad, I., & Singh, C. K. (2024). Sustainable Groundwater Management Through Micro Irrigation: A Critical Review on Challenges and Solutions. Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic), 17(1), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2024-0002.
Febriarta, E., & Widyastuti, M. (2020). Kajian Kualitas Air Tanah Dampak Intrusi Di Sebagian Pesisir Kabupaten Tuban. Jurnal Geografi, 17(2), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.15294/jg.v17i2.24143.
Hamzar, H., Suprapta, S., & Amal, A. (2021). Analisis Kualitas Air Tanah Dangkal Untuk Keperluan Air Minum Di Kelurahan Bontonompo Kecamatan Bontonompo Kabupaten Gowa. Journal of Environmental Science, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.35580/jes.v3i2.20048.
Handayani, M., Rahayu, D. D., Azizah, F., Ikrila, I., Faradilla, I. T., Nabilah, R., & Sulistiyorini, D. (2022). Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Kandungan Nitrat Pada Air Sumur Warga Kota Depok. Jurnal Sanitasi Lingkungan, 2(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.36086/jsl.v2i1.1143.
Hossain, S. M. S., Haque, M. E., Pramanik, M. A. H., Uddin, M. J., & Al Harun, M. A. Y. (2020). Assessing the groundwater quality and health risk: A case study on Setabganj sugar mills limited, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Water Science, 34(1), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/11104929.2020.1790184.
Ismiyati, M., Setyowati, R. D. N., & Nengse, S. (2021). Pembuatan Bioadsorben Dari Sabut Kelapa dan Tempurung Kelapa Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Besi (Fe). Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan), 7(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.20527/jukung.v7i1.10811.
Jakeman, A. J., Barreteau, O., Hunt, R. J., Rinaudo, J.-D., & Ross, A. (2016). Erratum to: Integrated Groundwater Management. In Integrated Groundwater Management. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_29.
Julyane, J., & Rahmawati, I. (2024). Demineralisasi Kalsium (Ca) dan Besi (Fe) pada Air Minum Soft Water Berteknologi Reverse Osmosis (RO). Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy, 2(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.61329/pscp.v2i1.28.
Karismawan, A., Sahdarani, D. N., M.S., M. P., & Prayogi, T. E. (2021). Studi Kualitas Air Tanah Berdasarkan Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Menggunakan Analisis Hidrogeologi dan Hidrokimia di Jakarta Barat. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Sains, 2(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.027%0Ahttps://www.golder.com/insights/block-caving-a-viable-alternative/%0A???
Maniragaba, F., Nzabona, A., Lwanga, C., Ariho, P., & Kwagala, B. (2023). Factors that influence safe water drinking practices among older persons in slums of Kampala: Analyzing disparities in boiling water. PLoS ONE, 18(9 September), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291980
Meiliyadi, L. A. D., & Syuzita, A. (2022). Sosialisasi Tingkat Pencemaran Air Sumur Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika Di Desa Telagawaru. Jurnal Warta Desa, 4(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.29303/jwd.v4i1.173
Muliawan, A., & Ilmianih, R. (2016). Metoda Pengurangan Zat Besi Dan Mangan Menggunakan Filter Bertingkat Dengan Penambahan UV Sterilizer Skala Rumah Tangga. Jurnal Ilmiah Giga, 19(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.47313/jig.v19i1.298
Mushi, M. F., Mpelasoka, O. E., Mazigo, H. D., McLeod, L., Moremi, N., Mirambo, M. M., & Mshana, S. E. (2018). High rate of drinking water contamination due to poor storage in squatter settlements in Mwanza, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 20(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v20i3.7
Nakamura, R., & Kondo, T. (2021). Assessing the effect of access to safe drinking water on children’s nutritional status in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Agricultural & Development, 18(2), 55–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2021.18.2.4
Neguez, S., & Laky, D. (2023). Byproduct Formation of Chlorination and Chlorine Dioxide Oxidation in Drinking Water Treatment Their Formation Mechanisms and Health Effects. Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, 67(3), 367–385. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPch.22041
Owens, C. E. L., Byleveld, P. M., & Osborne, N. J. (2017). Microbial health-based targets for drinking water : current state and Australian case study. Microbiology Australia, 38(4), 196–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/1 0.1 071 /MA1 7068
Pramesti, A., Supriadi, A., Zain, M. Z., & Purnaini, R. (2023). Pengolahan Air Sumur Gali Berwarna Dengan Kombinasi Sistem Aerasi, Koagulasi, dan Filtrasi. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 11(2), 380–386. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtllb.v11i2.65595
Pratiwi, I. N. T., Yushardi, Y., Kurnianto, F. A., Astutik, S., & Apriyanto, B. (2022). Evaluasi dan Sebaran Kualitas Air Tanah Berdasarkan Parameter Litologi, Tekstur Tanah, dan Limbah di Kecamatan Kaliwates Kabupaten Jember. Majalah Pembelajaran Geografi, 5(2), 82–102.
https://doi.org/10.19184/pgeo.v5i2.34379
Qaiyimah, D., Sudarmadji, & Widyastuti, M. (2016). Kajian Pencemaran Airtanah Bebas di Kelurahan Paccinongan Kecamatan Somba Opu Kabupaten Gowa. UGM.
Rahmanian, N., Ali, S. H. B., Homayoonfard, M., Ali, N. J., Rehan, M., Sadef, Y., & Nizami, A. S. (2015). Analysis of physiochemical parameters to evaluate the drinking water quality in the state of perak, Malaysia. Journal of Chemistry, 2015(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/716125
Rao, N. S., Sunitha, B., Rambabu, R., Rao, P. V. N., Rao, P. S., Spandana, B. D., Sravanthi, M., & Marghade, D. (2018). Quality and degree of pollution of groundwater, using PIG from a rural part of Telangana State, India. Applied Water Science, 8(8), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0864-x
Ridhosari Dan, B., & Roosmini, D. (2011). Evaluasi Kualitas Air Tanah Dari Sumur Gali Akibat Kegiatan Domestik Di Kampung Daraulin-Desa Nanjung. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 17(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.5614/JTL.2011.17.1.5
Rusmaya, D., Lili Mulyatna, L. M., & Lestari, P. A. (2022). Relationship between Pollutant Sources and Water Quality of Dug Well Based on Biological Parameters of E. Coli. Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management, 6(2), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v6i2.6087
Salim, N. (2022). Water Quality Analysis in a River in Sub Watershed Jatiroto East Java, Indonesia. International Journal of GEOMATE, 22(89), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.21660/2022.89.j2219
Sari, S. Y. I., & Raksanagara, A. (2018). Pilihan dan Persepsi Risiko terhadap Jenis Sumber Air Minum pada Masyarakat Kumuh Perkotaan di Bantaran Sungai Cikapundung Kota Bandung. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung, 50(3), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v50n3.1433
Sukri, I., Arfan, A., & Nasiah. (2020). Land Evaluation of Fishpond for Cultivating Seaweed Gracilaria sp in Bone Regency. 19(1), 28–37.
Wang, C., Pan, J., Yaya, S., Yadav, R. B., & Yao, D. (2019). Geographic inequalities in accessing improved water and sanitation facilities in Nepal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071269
Authors
Qaiyimah, D., Sukri, I., & Jeddah Yanti. (2025). Evaluasi Kualitas Airtanah Sebagai Sumber Air Minum Di Sekitar Pabrik Gula Camming Kabupaten Bone. Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi Dan Lingkungan (JGEL), 9(2), 264–277. https://doi.org/10.22236/jgel.v9i2.16520
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