Farmasains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kefarmasian

Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Activities of Ethanolic Peel Extract of Pyrus malus L. on T47D Cells

2025-02-25T19:14:51+07:00

Quercetin, a flavonoid compound in green apple peel (Pyrus malus L.), has shown anticancer potential in T47D cells. This study evaluated the cytotoxic effects and antiproliferative activities demonstrated by the Ethanolic Extract of Green Apple Peel (EEGAP) on T47D cells. The peel powder was extracted using 70% ethanol with ultrasonic waves. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed for the cytotoxicity test using EEGAP concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL. The IC₅₀ value was determined using probit analysis. Based on the IC₅₀ results, an antiproliferative assay was conducted using the doubling time technique at concentrations of ½IC₅₀ (404.5 µg/mL) and IC₅₀ (809 µg/mL), which were observed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. EEGAP has a moderate cytotoxic effect, with an IC₅₀ value of 809 µg/mL. EEGAP showed significant antiproliferative activity, with a doubling time of 14 hours in control samples. EEGAP at a concentration of ½ IC50 showed a replication period of 21 hours, whereas the IC₅₀ concentration replication period was 30 hours. These results suggest that EEGAP exhibits cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties, which may have potential as a natural compound for breast cancer therapy.

Gel Formulation of Awar-awar Leaves Ethanol Extract and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation

2025-02-18T13:03:01+07:00

Gel is a semisolid dosage form that utilises a gelling agent, such as Carbopol 940, providing ease of application and efficient skin absorption. Ethanol extract of awar-awar (Ficus septica Burm. F) leaves, which contain flavonoids and tannins, has demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the stability of a gel containing the ethanol extract of awar-awar leaves, as well as assess its anti-inflammatory effects. The methods comprised phytochemical screening, gel formulation and evaluation, stability testing, and an in vitro anti-inflammatory assay. Four gel formulations were created: F0 (0%), F1 (1.5%), F2 (3%), and F3 (4.5%). Evaluation results showed that F0, F1, and F3 were homogeneous, with viscosities between 5,000-50,000 mPa·s, spreadability of 5-7 cm, and adhesion time exceeding 2 seconds, meeting Indonesian National Standard (SNI) requirements. However, pH testing during the cycling tests revealed instability in formulations F1 through F3 during storage. The anti-inflammatory test, conducted using the protein denaturation inhibition method, showed all three formulations had anti-inflammatory activity, with F3 being the most effective (92.20% inhibition). Therefore, F3 is considered the most promising formulation due to its high anti-inflammatory activity and acceptable pharmaceutical characteristics for gel preparations.

Antibacterial Activity of Solid Soap from Turmeric Rhizome Water Extract (Curcuma domestica) against Staphylococcus aureus

2024-12-18T14:47:44+07:00

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) contains flavonoids and curcumin, which exhibit antibacterial properties, making it a suitable active ingredient for solid soap production. Solid soap must pass physical, chemical, and antibacterial activity assessments to ensure quality. This study evaluates the physical, chemical, and antibacterial properties of turmeric rhizome water extract-based solid soap against Staphylococcus aureus. The research was conducted experimentally, using turmeric rhizome water extract obtained through the maceration method. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the well diffusion method. The solid soap was formulated through saponification, incorporating thick extract (F1) and liquid extract (F2) of turmeric rhizome as active ingredients. Findings indicate that soap F1 has a solid texture, odourless, brown, and homogeneous, with a foam height of 13.63 cm±0.35, a moisture content of 7.52%±0.37, a pH of 10.03±0.05, a free alkali of 0.094%±0.008, and an inhibition zone diameter of 22.38 mm±0.58, classified as very strong antibacterial. Soap formulated F2 demonstrated comparable characteristics, with an 18.60 mm±0.96 inhibition zone, categorised as strong antibacterial. The soap F1 complies with pharmaceutical standards and effectively inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth.

Application of the ATC/DDD Method in Analysing Inpatient Antibiotic Use at Chasan Boesoirie Ternate Hospital

2025-07-10T09:20:25+07:00

The irrational use of antibiotics has the potential to increase the risk of bacterial resistance. Quantitative approaches, such as the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method, can be utilised to evaluate the types and volumes of antibiotics consumed. The purpose of this study was to analyse the use of antibiotics at Dr H. Chasan Boesoirie (RSCB) Ternate Hospital in 2024 using the DDD approach. The research employed an observational approach using medical record data from RSCB, with a population of 1,300 during 2024. The inclusion criteria were inpatients diagnosed with bacterial infections, receiving antibiotic therapy, having clear and complete medical record data, aged over 18 years up to 65 years, and with a discharge status of “permitted” or “improved.” Study showed that the most widely used antibiotics were ceftriaxone, with a value of 45.7 DDD/100 patient-days of care, and ciprofloxacin 0.5 DDD/100 patient-days of care. The total DDD of all antibiotics was 61.7 DDD/100 patient-days of care. The 90% Drug Use (DU) segment was ceftriaxone with a value of 73.6, and the highest 10% DU was metronidazole at 9%. In conclusion, the antibiotic with the highest DDD value was ceftriaxone (45.7 DDD/100 patient-days), while the lowest was ciprofloxacin (0.1 DDD/100 patient-days).

Knowledge, Awareness, and Practice of Parents on Antibiotic Resistance among Children in Sampang, Cilacap Regency

2025-07-10T09:20:51+07:00

Inappropriate use of antibiotics in children contributes to antibiotic resistance. Parents in Cilacap have limited knowledge and awareness of it. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, awareness, and practices of parents regarding antibiotic resistance in 0-11 years old children in Cilacap, as well as to explore the relationship of those aspects and the respondents’ characteristics. The research used a descriptive cross-sectional approach in Sampang District, Cilacap Regency, conducted in May 2024 with 96 respondents selected through cluster random sampling with inclusion criteria. The respondents were parents of 0-11 years old children, with or without antibiotic treatment history, and willing to participate by completing questionnaires. Results showed that 63.5% respondents had high knowledge, 66.7% respondents had high awareness, and 65.6% respondents had good practices. The results indicated that age and education significantly influenced knowledge, awareness, and practices, with p-values <0.05. Meanwhile, gender and occupation showed no significant effect, as evidenced by p-values >0.05. The findings indicate that parents in Sampang District generally demonstrate high knowledge and awareness, as well as good practices concerning antibiotic resistance in children. However, certain demographic factors, particularly age and education, remain influential in shaping these outcomes.