BIOEDUSCIENCE

Petengoran Mangrove Forest, Pesawaran: Ecological and Ethnocentric Studies

Adinda Rahmadini — 2024-12-17

Background: Mangrove environments play an essential function in coastal tidal areas. Petengoran mangrove forest is located in Gebang village, Teluk Pandan district, Pesawaran, Lampung province. Describe the ecological and ethnocentric conditions of the Petengora mangrove forest in Gebang village, linked to mangrove vegetation to facilitate forest maintenance, community empowerment, and community impacts on Petengoran mangroves. Methods: This research uses the transect method at three stations with four plots. Each plot had an area of 10 x 10 m2. Ethnocentric data collection was conducted using questionnaires and field observations. Results: INP of Rhizopora mucronata was the highest (300%). The station's overall diversity level (H') is medium. The specific richness index (R) of all stations is low. All stations' uniformity index (E) is high, as shown by findings from community interviews on ethnocentric elements of Petengoran mangrove ecotourism. The environmental conditions of the mangrove forests are relatively clean and maintained, and the infrastructure and ecotourism infrastructure are pretty adequate. Conclusions: Petengora mangroves are managed by farmers who create nurseries and plantations. This area is a mangrove reserve. The mangrove forest is considered a traditional place, but surrounding communities do not have any unique traditions.

Potential of Trichoderma sp. The Origin of Peat Soil as a Biological Control Agent for Pathogenic Fungi Carried by Rice Seeds

Shinta Maulina Aizah — 2025-01-30

Background: Rice (Oryza sativa) is the world's second most important food crop after wheat. In Indonesia, more than 90% of the population consumes rice, and there is a very high level of dependence, so rice has essential value for the Indonesian population. However, this has not been accompanied by the availability of healthy seeds because many pathogenic fungi are carried by rice seeds, such as Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp. Seed treatment using synthetic fungicides is an effort to control pathogenic fungi on seeds, but it hurts seeds, humans, and the environment. A safe control alternative is using biological agents, namely the fungus Trichoderma sp. isolated from peatlands and has an antibiosis mechanism. The research aimed to test the potential of the fungus Trichoderma sp. from peat soil as a biological control agent for pathogenic fungi carried by rice seeds (Oryza sativa). Methods: The test uses the incubation method on PDA media and the growing test method on sterile soil media. The research used a completely randomized design with a factor of 2 isolates of Trichoderma sp. and eight replications and data analysis using BNJ5%. Results: isolation results obtained two isolates of Trichoderma sp. (P1 and P2), two isolates of Trichoderma sp. (P1 and P2) were able to suppress the level of pathogenic fungal infections carried by rice seeds in the incubation method using PDA media and the growing on test method, 3.75%, two isolates of Trichoderma sp. able to increase the germination capacity of rice seeds by P1 (12.50%) and P2 (31.25%) respectively. Conclusions: Two isolates of Trichoderma sp. (P1 and P2) could suppress the level of pathogenic fungal infections carried by rice seeds in the incubation method using PDA media and in the growing on test method. Apart from that, two isolates of Trichoderma sp.

A Population and Level of Noctuidae Pest Attack on Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt.)

Eva Tri Agustin — 2024-12-31

Background: Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) is a food plant from the family grass, and cultivating sweet corn is more profitable because it has high economic value on the market. The growth phase of sweet corn plants often experiences a decrease in production yields, even crop failure due to pest attacks. This research aims to determine the pest population and the level of Noctudiae pest attacks that attack sweet corn plants. The study was conducted on moorland in Pilanggot Hamlet, Wonokromo Village, Tikung District, Lamongan Regency, East Java, from May to July 2023. This research used a selected random sampling survey method, namely observations on five plots, and each plot contained 48 observed plants. Observations began when the sweet corn plants were 14 HST and carried out once a week, 10 observations with 7-day intervals, namely in the vegetative phase (14, 21, 28, 35, 42) and generative phase (49, 56, 63, 70 and 77 HST). ). The research results show that the highest population of Noctuidae pests is the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), with as many as 63 individuals with a relative abundance of 54%. The Noctuidae pests found were the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), moth (Spodoptera litura), and cob borer (Helicoverpa armigera). The highest attack percentage is 25%, but it is still mild.

Effectiveness of Implementing PBL-SSI-Based Electronic Modules on Reflective Judgment and Communication Skills of Muhammadiyah High School Students

Reno Esa Mahendra — 2024-12-31

Background: The PBL-SSI model approach can develop students' reflective judgment and communication skills at school because learning with this model is based on scientific concepts that impact people's lives. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing SSI-based electronic modules in improving the reflective judgment and communication skills of class X Muhammadiyah High School students in Palembang City. Methods: The research method uses a quantitative descriptive method, with the research subjects being biology teachers and class X students at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 and SMA Muhammadiyah 5, Palembang City. This research is quasi-experimental, with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. Results: The research results show that the effectiveness value of the PBL-SSI electronic module can increase reflective judgment, as seen from the N-gain value results. Muhammadiyah 1 High School in the control class has 40% less effective criteria, and the experimental class has 71% sufficient criteria that are effective. Muhammadiyah High School 5 in the control class was 25% ineffective criteria, and the experimental class was 61% quite effective criteria. Meanwhile, the results of communication skills were obtained by SMA Muhammadiyah 1 in the control class with a score of 76 good criteria, the experimental class with a score of 83 perfect criteria, SMA Muhammadiyah 5 in the control class with a score of 79 good criteria, the experimental class with a score of 88 perfect criteria. Conclusions: Applying PBL-SSI-based electronic modules on environmental change material effectively improves students' reflective judgment and communication skills.

The Effectiveness of the Granular Formulation of a Combination of Trichoderma sp. and Bandotan Leaf Extract Against Sclerotium rolfsii on Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus)

Nabilla Nur Raniah — 2024-12-31

Background: Amorphophallus oncophyllus is a tuber plant that is beneficial for various industrial sectors, but in its cultivation, it is often affected by the pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii, requiring control measures. Control efforts can be carried out using a combination of the biological agent Trichoderma sp. and the plant pesticide made from bandotan leaf extract. The combined control application can be formulated in a solid granular form. Method: This research was conducted both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) was used with the combination of Trichoderma sp. and bandotan leaf extract, divided into four levels: 0% (TB0), 5% (TB5), 10% (TB10), and 15% (TB15). In vivo, a 2-factor RAL was applied. The first factor was the concentration of the rice flour carrier material in four levels: 0% (B1), 25% (B2), 50% (B3), and 75% (B4). The second factor was the storage duration of the granular formulation, consisting of 0 weeks (M1), 3 weeks (M2), and 5 weeks (M3). Result: The study's results showed that the granular combination of Trichoderma sp. and 10% bandotan leaf extract reduced S. rolfsii infection by 64.25% and stimulated the growth of porang plant height. Conclusion: The treatment with the granular combination of Trichoderma sp. and 10% bandotan leaf extract, adding 25% rice flour and a storage period of 0-3 weeks, showed the best effect on the porang plant seedlings.

Analysis of Proximatic Levels and Sensory Quality of Organic Fish Feed from Fermented Coconut Drain Flour and Maggot Flour

Zeny Kurniawati — 2024-12-31

Background: The rise of fish farming has caused the market price of feed to increase by up to 60% of the production cost, so fish farmers need a breakthrough in new fish feed to reduce the production cost of fish farming activities. Methods: The type of experimental research with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and factorial design. There was one treatment factor and two repetitions, and each was carried out with three treatments on the fermented coconut dregs flour and maggot flour formulations, namely M1, M2, and M3. Feed testing was carried out by proximate testing of protein and carbohydrate content and hedonic quality testing for panelists with color, aroma, and texture parameters. Results: The results of the proximate test of the protein content of fish feed formulas M1, M2, and M3 were 7.83%, 11.64%, and 9.04%, respectively. In contrast, the carbohydrate content of fish feed formulas M1, M2, and M3 were 29.26%, 23.08%, and 27.84%, respectively. Meanwhile, the color sensory test results of formula M1, M2, and M3 feed have subsets of 2.00, 3.55, and 3.35, respectively. The results of the aroma sensory test of formula M1, M2, and M3 feed have subsets of 2.65, 3.40, and 3.35, respectively, while the results of the texture sensory test of formula M1, M2, and M3 feed have subsets of 2.65; 3.70; and 3.25 respectively. Conclusions: Formula M2 has the highest protein content of 11.64%, and formula M1 has the highest carbohydrate content of 29.26%.

The Effect of Adding Silk Worms (Tubifex tubifex) Feed on the Growth of Jelawat Fish (Leptobabus hoevenii [Bleeke, 1851])

Nesty Apulina Br Ginting — 2024-08-30

Background: This study aims to determine the effect of growth of Jelawat fish given additional feed silkworm and pellets. Method: This study used Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with four treatments, five repeats. L. hoevenii were kept for 28 days with a countainer box with the same quality and quantity of water. Measurements are taken once every 2 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out on the measurement results, and continued with the Smallest Real Difference (BNT) test. Result: In treatment A with feed (100% pellets) resulted in weight growth (0.5 g), body length (3.4 mm), and body thickness (0.35 mm). In treatment B with feeding (Pellets 25% + T.tubifex 75%) resulted in weight growth (1.02 g), body length (24.6 mm), and body thickness (2.84 mm). In treatment C with feed (Pellets 50% +T.tubifex 50%) resulted in weight growth (0.54 g), body length (9.6 mm), and body thickness (1.71 mm). In treatment D with feeding (Pellets 75% + T.tubifex 25%) resulted in weight growth (0.34 g), body length (9.0 mm), and body thickness (1.37 mm). Conclusion: The addition of T. tubifex feed can have an influence on the growth of L. Hoevenii and the best treatment to produce good fish growth in this study is found in the B treatment given feed (Pellets 25% + T.Tubifex 75%) resulting in the highest growth with body weight growth (1.02 g), body length (24.6 mm), and body thickness (2.84) mm.