BIOEDUSCIENCE

Exopolysaccharides production by Lactobacillus fermentum under different growth conditions in coconut water medium

2024-04-02T02:52:14+07:00

Background: Exopolysaccharides (EPS) production gain a lot of attention over recent decades, because EPS can provide beneficial effects, not only on the industrial application but also on the health sector. The understanding of the optimal condition for EPS production will increase the productivity of EPS and can develop EPS with desirable properties. The factors affected EPS production are additional of sugar concentration, temperature, fermentation time, and others. The current work aimed to optimize the utilization of a byproduct leftover of coconut water on the EPS production from Lactobacillus fermentum. Methods: The EPS synthesis were analyzed under various growth conditions in coconut water such as additional of sucrose concentration and incubation times. EPS production of Lactobacillus fermentum was performed by adding 1%, 2%, and 3% of sucrose and 12, 24, 36, and 48 h of incubation periods. The obtained data were analyzed statistically using a two-ways ANOVA test. Results: The EPS production increased as the sucrose concentration and incubation time were increased. The optimal production was found to be in the media supplemented with 3% sucrose and 48 h of incubation period, which gave 12.613 g/L of EPS production. Conclusions: Media of coconut water is suitable for EPS production by Lactobacillus fermentum. Under 3% of additional sucrose concentration and 48 h of incubation time, it produced a larger number of EPS compare to other conditions.

Exploring Microalgae Diversity in Indonesia: Harnessing Potential for Lead Bioremediation

2023-12-04T10:03:44+07:00

Background: Indonesia's biodiverse microalgae, numbering 2060 species, thrive in diverse environments, offering potential in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, fuel, and heavy metal bioremediation. Lead pollution from mining poses risks, prompting stringent government contamination limits. Microalgae-based bioremediation, notably Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris removing up to 90% of lead, suggests further exploring Indonesia's microalgae diversity. Methods: Data sourcing (2013-2023) employed Google and Google Scholar using specific keyword combinations across Indonesian provinces. Seventy-eight sources underwent analysis and visualization via Microsoft Excel 2021. Results: Microalgae's potential as lead bioremediation was explored across classes like Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. Chlorophyceae, exemplified by Chlorella and Scenedesmus, exhibit varied cell sizes and complex cell walls, aiding metal ion binding. Cyanophyceae like Cyanospira capsulata and N. commune synthesize diverse EPS compositions, indicating their potential in lead remediation. Conclusions: Indonesia's microalgae diversity across habitats, especially in the Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae classes, suggests a significant role in lead bioremediation. Their adaptability and diverse compositions highlight their potential for sustainable practices in combatting environmental lead contamination.

Metabolite Profiling and Bioprospecting of Acrolejeunea fertilis (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Schiffn. from Kebun Raya Cibodas, West Java

2023-12-09T16:14:44+07:00

Background: Acrolejeunea fertilis (liverwort) is known for having various potential natural products. However, its abundance is limited, and its secondary metabolites have not been extensively investigated. The in vitro culture technique might enhance its biomass. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the metabolite profile of A. fertilis from Kebun Raya Cibodas grown in situ and in vitro. The bioactivity, including antioxidant, total phenolic, and flavonoid content and antibacterial activity, was also evaluated. The in vitro culture of A. fertilis used ½ MS media with the addition of 0,1 mg/L of 2,4-D and one mg/L of Kinetin. Methanol and n-hexane were used for extraction. Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used for metabolite profiling. Results: The optimum IC50 value from n-hexane extract is 68,18±2,65 mg/L. The highest yield of total phenolic and flavonoid content from in situ methanol extract, which resulted in 130,68±0,002 µgGAE/gr and 5,97±0,01 µgQE/gr, respectively. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition for S. aureus and E. coli. The optimum area measured from in situ n-hexane extract was 23,91±1,54 and 13,08±0,23 cm, respectively. Conclusions: These findings carry important implications for the further development of natural products obtained from liverwort regarding its potential as a bioactive compound.

Development of Guided Inquiry-Based E-Module on Class XI Islamic Integrated Human Reproductive System

2023-11-16T14:40:55+07:00

Background: An educator must have expertise in developing teaching materials that can support and assist students in the learning process. One of the teaching materials that educators can develop is in the form of e-modules. This research aims to develop and create a teaching material product in the form of an e-module based on guided inquiry on the Islamic integrated human reproductive system material in class XI for Senior High School/MA. Method: The type of research used in this research is in the form of R&D (Research and Development), or what can be called research and development; the development model used is ADDIE. The ADDIE development model has several stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Research data was collected by validating e-module products, observing learning implementation, and using questionnaires from educators' and students' responses. The data from this analysis trial uses descriptive quantitative data. Product trials were conducted using small-scale tests in class XI MIPA 5 MAN Palangka Raya City. Results: E-modules developed to obtain material expert validation assessments have 91% results that fall into the "very feasible" criteria, media expert validation has 90.75% results that fall into the "very feasible" criteria, and interpretation expert validation has 78% results that fall into the "feasible criteria." At the same time, the results of the implementation observation were 82.62%, which is included in the "very good" criteria. The data from the educator response questionnaire have results as high as 75%, which falls into the "good" category, and the student response questionnaire has results of 82.16%, which is included in the "very good" category. Conclusion: From the data obtained, it can be determined that the guided inquiry-based e-module on the material of the integrated human reproductive system of class XI Islam is suitable for use in the learning process.

Comparative Study of Coffee Wood and Fern Board Planting Media on Phalaenopsis amabilis Vegetative Growth in the Seedling Phase

2023-11-16T16:09:27+07:00

Background: Phalaenopsis amabilis, or the moon orchid, is a popular type of orchid with high market demand. Planting media is a factor that can be successful in caring for the Phalaenopsis amabilis, which is an epiphytic orchid type or attaches to other plants. Most orchid planting techniques have not been adapted to their natural habitat in nature that attaches to other plants. The planting medium generally used for epiphytic orchids such as Phalaenopsis amabilis is fern boards, which are limited in nature. Researchers see the potential for coffee wood. Many can be used as a planting medium for Phalaenopsis amabilis because this plant is also found growing naturally in coffee plants. Methods: The research used comparative studies between coffee sticks and fern boards as planting media for Phalaenopsis amabilis on their vegetative growth according to their natural habitat by attaching to other plants. The analysis results were obtained by statistical tests t–test unpaired) using SPSS. Results: The analysis showed p ≤ 0.05 on the four parameters of Phalaenopsis amabilis growth. There are differences in the use of planting media types of coffee logs (M1) and fern boards (M2) on the vegetative growth of Phalaenopsis amabilis orchid plants, including the number of leaves, leaf span, leaf width, and root length. Conclusions: The vegetative growth on M1 and M2 is significantly different. The fern board planting media (M2) tends to be more recommended for use. After all, it can be optimal in providing vegetative growth consisting of the number of leaves, leaf span, leaf width, and root length because its growth is more stable.

Probiotic Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Probiotic Drinks Patikala Fruit Juice (Etlingera Elatior (Jack) R.M.Smith) from Kolaka

2023-11-16T16:10:10+07:00

Background: Patikala fruit (Etlingera elatior) can be used as food, medicine, and to boost the immune system. Patikala is a fruit with a high nutritional value that can be used to make a probiotic drink. The aims of this study were to see if patikala fruit juice could be used as a probiotic and antioxidant drink as an immune booster after the COVID-19 pandemic.. Methods: The patikala fruit used is typical of the Kolaka area. This research used a randomized block design using different fermentation time factors. Each treatment was carried out 3 times repetitions. Making a probiotic drink from patikala (Etlingera elatior) is by taking patikala fruit juice with a mixture of powdered skim milk and Lactobacillus casei bacteria then carrying out fermentation treatment for 20 hours, 24 hours and 28 hours. And a dilution process is carried out to test probiotic levels, and antioxidant activity tests are carried out. Results: The results obtained from the analysis of probiotic contents and antioxidant activity show that the potential of patikala fruit juice to be the best probiotic and antioxidant drink is at a time variation of 28 hours. Because during this time variation, the probiotic contents had reached a maximum total of 9.6 x 10¹⁴ cfu/ml with the best ability to ward off free radicals, 9.900% of inhibition. Conclusions: Patikala fruit juice drink (Etlingera elatior) which contains probiotics and potential antioxidant activity as a drink to improve the immune system after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL): Its Effectiveness in Increasing Students' Scientific Literacy Skills in Plant Physiology Course

2023-11-16T14:41:24+07:00

Background: Today, the main goal of science learning is to create a scientifically literate society by understanding mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and technology. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effectiveness of the process-oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) model in improving students' scientific literacy skills in a Plant Physiology course. Methods: This study was a quasi-experiment using a control group pre-test and post-test design with 32 students as research subjects. Data collection techniques used tests and research data were analyzed using a one-way ANCOVA statistical test. Results: The results showed a significant difference in scientific literacy skills between the control and experimental classes by controlling for students' initial scientific literacy [F(1,61) = 1977.228, p < 0.001], effect size np² = 0.97. Conclusions: Therefore, the POGIL model is highly effective in increasing students' scientific literacy skills in the Plant Physiology Course.