Indonesian SMES and Global Market Penetration: The Effects of Human Capital Investment, Government Role, and Technological Progress
Abstract
MSMEs play a significant role in supporting the country's economy as they account for 60.5% of GDP. MSMEs confront a number of difficulties related to financing, supply, and market demand that need to be given more consideration in order to support their entry into the global market. The purpose of this study is to examine how government involvement, technology advancement, human capital investment, and entrepreneurial orientation affect MSMEs (micro, small, and medium-sized firms) in Indonesia and their internationalization strategies. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection techniques using a Likert scale questionnaire. Then descriptive analysis and Partial Least Squares (PLS) are used to analyze the data. The study's findings show that technical change significantly affects MSMEs' internationalization strategies; in contrast, entrepreneurial orientation, investments in human capital, and the role of the government are not as significant in this regard. However, this research offers stakeholders improved guidance for bolstering MSMEs' success and expansion in global markets, as well as for widening the gap in the global MSME market to promote Indonesia's sustainable economic growth.
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References
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Adisasmito, W. (2007). Diarrhea risk factors of infant and children under five years in indonesia: a systematic review of public health academic studies. Makara Journal of Health Research, 11(1), 1–10.
Alfian, N., & Maulana, W. (2022). Peningkatan Omzet UMKM Guna Menjaga Perekonomian Masyarakat Desa di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. JPPM (Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat), 6(2), 241. https://doi.org/10.30595/jppm.v6i2.7982
Alfianika, N., & Sitohang, K. (2022). Validitas Pengembangan Rubrik Penilaian Menulis Paragraf Narasi Dan Deskripsi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Fon: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 18(2), 223–235.
Almahdali, F., Tovan, T., & Mutmainah., M. (2022). The Effects of Human Capital on Business Performance: Study on SMEs in Palu City. Jurnal Sinar Manajemen, 9(3), 482–488.
Amir, H. (2013). Economic Impact Analysis of the 2012 Indonesia Mineral-Export Tax Policy: A CGE Approach. The International Journal of Economic Policy Studies Volume, 8.
Andrade, C. (2020). Sample Size and its Importance in Research. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM
Bano, V. O. (2018). Pengembangan Modul Pelatihan Pengelolaan Penilaian Autentik Guru IPA SMP. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 5(2), 139–151.
Baral, S. K. (2013). An Empirical Study on Changing Face of MSME Towards Emerging Economies in India. Journal of Radix International Educational and Research Consortium Electronic, 2(1), 1–21.
Barid, M., Wajdi, N., Ummah, Y. C., & Etikasari, D. (2017). UKM Development Business Loan. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development Volume, 1(1), 99–110.
Bartlett, M. S., & F.R.S. (1981). Egon Sharpe Pearson.
Bianchi, Constanza, Glavas, Charmaine, Mathews, & Shane. (2016). SME International Performance in Latin America: the Role of Entrepre. Business Association of Latin American Studies (BALAS) Annual Confer- Ence, 66, 37–39.
Bilder, C. R., & Loughin, T. M. (2007). Modelling Association between Two or More Categorical Variables that Allow for Multiple Category Choices. Communications in Statistics—Theory and Methods, 36(2), 433–451.
Collins, K. M. T., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Jiao, Q. G. (2006). Prevalence of Mixed-methods Sampling Designs in Social Science Research Prevalence of Mixed-methods Sampling Designs in Social Science Research. Evaluation and Research in Education, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.2167/eri421.0
Crick, D., & Jones, M. V. (2000). Small high-technology firms and international high-technology markets. Journal of International Marketing, 8(2), 63–85.
Darmayanti, N. P. A., Suryantini, N. P. S., Indrawati, A. D., & Arsawan, I. W. E. (2021). Peran Human Capital Dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Pada Proses Internasionalisasi UKM Ekspor di Bali. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 17(2580–5614), 269–278. https://doi.org/10.31940/jbk.v17i3.269-278
Dayat, M., Imam, Imam, M., & Fulgentius, F. D. M. (2024). Peran Teknologi Informasi dalam Mendorong Internasionalisasi UMKM. Journal of Economic, Management and Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 86–91. https://doi.org/10.61502/jemes.v2i2.99
Dwi Robiul Rochmawati, Hatimatunnisani, H., & Veranita, M. (2023). Mengembangkan Strategi Bisnis di Era Transformasi Digital. MUKASI: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 14(1), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.54259/mukasi.v2i3.2105
Entrepreneurship, O. C. for. (2008). Removing Barriers to SME Access to International Markets. In Removing Barriers to SME Access to International Markets (Vol. 9789264045). OECD and APEC. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264045866-en
Fakhri Rabialdy. (2021). Analisis Hubungan Modal Manusia (Human Capital) Terhadap Kinerja Koperasi di Kota Pekanbaru. Jurnal Niara, 14(1), 210–217. https://doi.org/10.31849/niara.v14i1.5367
Falahat, M., Ramayah, T., Soto-acosta, P., & Lee, Y. (2020). Technological Forecasting & Social Change SMEs Internationalization : The Role of Product Innovation, Market Intelligence, Pricing and Marketing Communication Capabilities as Drivers of SMEs ’ International Performance. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 152(November 2019), 119908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119908
Fathurrahman, A., Utami2, M., & Sugeng, A. (2022). Determinan Minat Financing UMKM Pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (Studi Kasus UMKM Disekitar Malioboro Yogyakarta). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam (JIEI), 8(01), 583–589.
Fatimah, F., Djazuli, A., & Fauzi, F. (2021). Micro, small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs): The Emerging Market Analysis. Accounting, 7(7), 1521–1528. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.5.019
Handayani, T., Rahmi, M., & Suharyati. (2021). Pelatihan Manajemen Usaha dalam Meningkatkan Usaha UMKM Kuliner. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Pemberdayaan, Inovasi Dan Perubahan, 1(1), 5–14.
Hartanti, L. P. ., & Setiawati, L. (2017). Peran Kebijakan Eksport Pemerintah Terhadap Proses Internasionalisasi Umkm. Business Management Journal, 10(2), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.30813/bmj.v10i2.634
Karami, M., & Tang, J. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME international performance: The mediating role of networking capability and experiential learning. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 37(2), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242618807275
Keen, C. (2013). Tangible and Intangible Internationalisation of SMEs: The Argentinean case. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 19(3), 399–420. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2013.055310
Kennedy, J. C., Chan, K. Y., Ho, M. R., Uy, M. A., & Kennedy, J. C. (2021). Motivation to Lead as Mediator of Relations Between the Dark Triad , Big Five , and Leadership Intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(August). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.675347
Kesa, D. D., & Pranita, D. (2021). MSME Development Strategy for Providing Information through Central Banking Microsite Web Based. Annual Conference on Science and Technology Research (ACOSTER) 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1783/1/012052
Khusairi, M. samsir, & Haryadi, J. (2016). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Masalah (Pbm) Dengan Menggunakan Alat Peraga Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswadikelas Xii Semester I Smk Negeri 1 Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Jurnal Ikatan Alumni Fisika Universitas Negeri Medan, 2(4), 83–90.
Knight, G. A. (2001). Entrepreneurship and Strategy in the International SME. Journal of International Management, 7(3), 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1075-4253(01)00042-4
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42(9), 1879–1890.
Kunday, Ö., & Şengüler, E. P. (2015). A Study on Factors Affecting the Internationalization Process of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 972–981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.363
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Li, Q. (2013). A novel Likert scale based on fuzzy sets theory. Expert Systems With Applications, 40(5), 1609–1618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.09.015
Lubis, I. (2021). The Role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the National Economy. Syiah Kuala Law Journal, 5(2), 238–251. https://doi.org/10.24815/sklj.v5i2.22071
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Masood, K., & Rizwan, M. (2021). Strengthening the Performance of SMEs Through Knowledge Management, Market Orientation and Competitive Environment. Journal of Management and Research (JMR), 8(1).
Maulidasari, C. D., & Setyana, R. (2020). Sosialisasi Digital Marketing pada Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM). Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Darma Bakti Teuku Umar, 2(1), 63–73.
Morse, J. M., Olson, K., & Spiers, J. (2002). Verification Strategies for Establishing Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 12, 13–22.
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Authors
Ali, A. M., AM Soma, & Ramayuli. (2024). Indonesian SMES and Global Market Penetration: The Effects of Human Capital Investment, Government Role, and Technological Progress. Agregat: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 8(2), 237–255. https://doi.org/10.22236/agregat_vol8.i2/16222
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